Age-Related Differences in Decision-Making: Evidence Accumulation is More Gradual in Older Age.

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
Experimental Aging Research Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-29 DOI:10.1080/0361073X.2023.2241333
Eva Marie Wieschen, Aalim Makani, Stefan T Radev, Andreas Voss, Julia Spaniol
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Older adults tend to exhibit longer response times than younger adults in choice tasks across cognitive domains, such as perception, attention, and memory. The diffusion model has emerged as a standard model for analyzing age differences in choice behavior. Applications of the diffusion model to choice data from younger and older adults indicate that age-related slowing is driven by a more cautious response style and slower non-decisional processes, rather than by age differences in the rate of information accumulation. The Lévy flight model, a new evidence accumulation model that extends the diffusion model, was recently developed to account for differences in response times for correct and error responses. In the Lévy flight model, larger jumps in evidence accumulation can be accommodated compared to the diffusion model. It is currently unknown whether younger and older adults differ with respect to the jumpiness of evidence accumulation. In the current study, younger and older adults (N = 40 per age group) completed a letter-number-discrimination task. Results indicate that older adults show a more gradual (less "jumpy") pattern of evidence accumulation compared to younger adults. Implications for research on cognitive aging are discussed.

决策中与年龄有关的差异:老年期的证据积累更为缓慢。
在感知、注意力和记忆等认知领域的选择任务中,老年人往往比年轻人表现出更长的反应时间。扩散模型已成为分析选择行为年龄差异的标准模型。将扩散模型应用于年轻人和老年人的选择数据表明,与年龄相关的反应变慢是由更谨慎的反应风格和更慢的非决策过程驱动的,而不是由信息积累速度的年龄差异驱动的。莱维飞行模型(Lévy flight model)是对扩散模型进行扩展的一种新的证据积累模型,最近被用来解释正确反应和错误反应在反应时间上的差异。与扩散模型相比,莱维飞行模型可以容纳更大的证据积累跳跃。目前还不清楚年轻人和老年人在证据积累的跳跃性方面是否存在差异。在本研究中,年轻人和老年人(每个年龄组 40 人)共同完成了一项字母-数字辨别任务。结果表明,与年轻人相比,老年人的证据积累模式更渐进(不那么 "跳跃")。本研究讨论了认知老化研究的意义。
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来源期刊
Experimental Aging Research
Experimental Aging Research 医学-老年医学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Experimental Aging Research is a life span developmental and aging journal dealing with research on the aging process from a psychological and psychobiological perspective. It meets the need for a scholarly journal with refereed scientific papers dealing with age differences and age changes at any point in the adult life span. Areas of major focus include experimental psychology, neuropsychology, psychobiology, work research, ergonomics, and behavioral medicine. Original research, book reviews, monographs, and papers covering special topics are published.
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