Can brain stimulation enhance cognition in clinical populations? A critical review.

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.3233/RNN-211230

Donel M Martin, Marian E Berryhill, Victoria Dielenberg

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Many psychiatric and neurological conditions are associated with cognitive impairment for which there are very limited treatment options. Brain stimulation methodologies show promise as novel therapeutics and have cognitive effects. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), known more for its related transient adverse cognitive effects, can produce significant cognitive improvement in the weeks following acute treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly used as a treatment for major depression and has acute cognitive effects. Emerging research from controlled studies suggests that repeated TMS treatments may additionally have cognitive benefit. ECT and TMS treatment cause neurotrophic changes, although whether these are associated with cognitive effects remains unclear. Transcranial electrical stimulation methods including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) are in development as novel treatments for multiple psychiatric conditions. These treatments may also produce cognitive enhancement particularly when stimulation occurs concurrently with a cognitive task. This review summarizes the current clinical evidence for these brain stimulation treatments as therapeutics for enhancing cognition. Acute, or short-lasting, effects as well as longer-term effects from repeated treatments are reviewed, together with potential putative neural mechanisms. Areas of future research are highlighted to assist with optimization of these approaches for enhancing cognition.

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脑刺激能增强临床人群的认知能力吗?批判性的评论。

许多精神和神经疾病都与认知障碍有关，而治疗方法却非常有限。脑刺激方法有望成为一种新的治疗方法，并具有认知效果。电痉挛疗法(ECT)，以其相关的短暂性不良认知效应而闻名，在急性治疗后的几周内可以产生显着的认知改善。经颅磁刺激(TMS)越来越多地用于治疗重度抑郁症，并具有急性认知效果。来自对照研究的新研究表明，反复的经颅磁刺激治疗可能还具有认知益处。ECT和TMS治疗引起神经营养改变，尽管这些是否与认知影响有关尚不清楚。经颅电刺激方法包括经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)和经颅交流电刺激(tACS)作为治疗多种精神疾病的新方法正在发展。这些治疗也可能产生认知增强，特别是当刺激与认知任务同时发生时。本文综述了目前脑刺激治疗作为增强认知的治疗方法的临床证据。回顾了反复治疗的急性或短期效果以及长期效果，并讨论了可能的神经机制。未来的研究领域强调，以协助优化这些方法，以提高认知。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.