Escaping Nazi Germany: Jewish refugee dentists and their post-emigration careers in the United States of America

IF 0.5 4区哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100861

Lena Norrman, Dominik Gross

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Abstract

This study is the first to examine the collective of dental lecturers and scientists who emigrated from Nazi Germany to the United States of America. We pay special attention to the socio-demographic characteristics, emigration journeys, and further professional development of these individuals in the country of immigration. The paper is based on primary sources from various German, Austrian, and United States archives and a systematic evaluation of the secondary literature on the persons concerned. We identified a total of eighteen male emigrants. The majority of these dentists left the “Greater” German Reich between 1938 and 1941. Thirteen of the eighteen lecturers were able to find a position in American academia, mainly as full professors. Two-thirds of them settled in New York and Illinois. The study concludes that most of the emigrated dentists studied here succeeded in continuing or even expanding their academic careers in the USA, although they usually had to retake their final dental examinations. No other destination country for immigration offered similarly favorable conditions. Not a single dentist decided to remigrate after 1945.

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逃离纳粹德国：犹太难民牙医及其移民后在美利坚合众国的职业生涯

这项研究首次对从纳粹德国移民到美利坚合众国的牙科讲师和科学家进行了调查。我们特别关注这些人在移民国的社会人口特征、移民旅程和进一步的专业发展。本文基于德国、奥地利和美国各种档案的主要来源，以及对有关人员的次要文献的系统评估。我们总共确认了18名男性移民。这些牙医中的大多数在1938年至1941年间离开了“大”德意志帝国。18位讲师中有13位能够在美国学术界找到职位，主要是正式教授。其中三分之二在纽约和伊利诺伊州定居。该研究得出结论，在这里学习的大多数移民牙医都成功地在美国继续甚至扩大了他们的学术生涯，尽管他们通常必须重新参加最后的牙科考试。没有其他移民目的地国家提供类似的优惠条件。1945年后，没有一位牙医决定重新注册。

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来源期刊

Endeavour 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学

CiteScore

1.10

自引率

16.70%

发文量

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Endeavour, established in 1942, has, over its long and proud history, developed into one of the leading journals in the history and philosophy of science. Endeavour publishes high-quality articles on a wide array of scientific topics from ancient to modern, across all disciplines. It serves as a critical forum for the interdisciplinary exploration and evaluation of natural knowledge and its development throughout history. Each issue contains lavish color and black-and-white illustrations. This makes Endeavour an ideal destination for history and philosophy of science articles with a strong visual component. Endeavour presents the history and philosophy of science in a clear and accessible manner, ensuring the journal is a valuable tool for historians, philosophers, practicing scientists, and general readers. To enable it to have the broadest coverage possible, Endeavour features four types of articles: -Research articles are concise, fully referenced, and beautifully illustrated with high quality reproductions of the most important source material. -In Vivo articles will illustrate the rich and numerous connections between historical and philosophical scholarship and matters of current public interest, and provide rich, readable explanations of important current events from historical and philosophical perspectives. -Book Reviews and Commentaries provide a picture of the rapidly growing history of science discipline. Written by both established and emerging scholars, our reviews provide a vibrant overview of the latest publications and media in the history and philosophy of science. -Lost and Found Pieces are playful and creative short essays which focus on objects, theories, tools, and methods that have been significant to science but underappreciated by collective memory.