Francisco Nadal-Molero , Alicia Campos-Lopez , Juan Tur-Moya , Ana-Belen Martin-Cuadrado
{"title":"Microbial community on industrial salty bovine hides: From the slaughterhouse to the salting","authors":"Francisco Nadal-Molero , Alicia Campos-Lopez , Juan Tur-Moya , Ana-Belen Martin-Cuadrado","doi":"10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126421","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The leather-making industry is an age-old industry and desiccation with salt has been one of the most used methodologies for obtaining valuable skins. However, halophiles may proliferate and affect the integrity of the hide-collagen structure, as well as leading to undesirable red colorations or less-frequent purple stains. To understand the basis of these industrial hide contaminations, the microbial community from raw hide samples, salt-cured samples and four different industrial salts, was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding together with standard cultivation methods.</p><p>Comparison of raw hides and correctly cured hides revealed a core microbiome that was absent from contaminated hides. In addition, archaea were missing from well-cured hides, whereas <em>Psychrobacter</em> and <em>Acinetobacter</em> were highly represented (23 % and 17.4 %, respectively). In damaged hides, only a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs), from among the hundreds detected, were able to proliferate and, remarkably, a single <em>Halomonas</em> OTU represented 57.66 % of the reads. Halobacteria, mainly <em>Halovenus, Halorubrum</em> and <em>Halovivax,</em> increased by up to 36.24–39.5 % in the red- and purple-affected hides. The major contaminants were isolated and hide infections, together with collagenase activity, were evaluated. The results showed that hides enriched with the non-pigmented isolate <em>Halomonas utahensis</em> COIN160 damaged the collagen fibers similarly to <em>Halorubrum</em>, and together they were considered to be one of the major causes. Putative degrading inhibitors were also identified from among the <em>Alkalibacillus</em> isolates.</p><p>It was concluded that hide contaminations were driven by clonal outbreaks of a few specific microbes, which may have been non-pigmented collagen degraders. <em>Acinetobacter</em> and <em>Alkalibacillus</em>, members of the core microbiome of raw and well-cured salted hides, are suggested as hide contaminant inhibitors that need further analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22124,"journal":{"name":"Systematic and applied microbiology","volume":"46 4","pages":"Article 126421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Systematic and applied microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0723202023000309","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The leather-making industry is an age-old industry and desiccation with salt has been one of the most used methodologies for obtaining valuable skins. However, halophiles may proliferate and affect the integrity of the hide-collagen structure, as well as leading to undesirable red colorations or less-frequent purple stains. To understand the basis of these industrial hide contaminations, the microbial community from raw hide samples, salt-cured samples and four different industrial salts, was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding together with standard cultivation methods.
Comparison of raw hides and correctly cured hides revealed a core microbiome that was absent from contaminated hides. In addition, archaea were missing from well-cured hides, whereas Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter were highly represented (23 % and 17.4 %, respectively). In damaged hides, only a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs), from among the hundreds detected, were able to proliferate and, remarkably, a single Halomonas OTU represented 57.66 % of the reads. Halobacteria, mainly Halovenus, Halorubrum and Halovivax, increased by up to 36.24–39.5 % in the red- and purple-affected hides. The major contaminants were isolated and hide infections, together with collagenase activity, were evaluated. The results showed that hides enriched with the non-pigmented isolate Halomonas utahensis COIN160 damaged the collagen fibers similarly to Halorubrum, and together they were considered to be one of the major causes. Putative degrading inhibitors were also identified from among the Alkalibacillus isolates.
It was concluded that hide contaminations were driven by clonal outbreaks of a few specific microbes, which may have been non-pigmented collagen degraders. Acinetobacter and Alkalibacillus, members of the core microbiome of raw and well-cured salted hides, are suggested as hide contaminant inhibitors that need further analysis.
期刊介绍:
Systematic and Applied Microbiology deals with various aspects of microbial diversity and systematics of prokaryotes. It focuses on Bacteria and Archaea; eukaryotic microorganisms will only be considered in rare cases. The journal perceives a broad understanding of microbial diversity and encourages the submission of manuscripts from the following branches of microbiology: