Xylaria furcata reconsidered and nine resembling species.

IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Yu-Ming Ju, Huei-Mei Hsieh, Nuttika Suwannasai
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Xylaria collections from termite nests with dichotomously branched stromata have been identified as X. furcata. However, Léveillé's original material is no longer available, and the modern interpretation of X. furcata is based on a 1908 collection made by von Höhnel from termite nests at Buitenzorg Botanical Garden in Java. A packet of this von Höhnel material at FH was designated as the neotype by Rogers et al. in 2005.

Results: We reexamined the neotype from FH and its duplicates from various herbaria and found that three different species were mixed in these specimens. Despite that all of them have dichotomously branched stromata and tiny ascospores, only one fits the 2005 neotypification of X. furcata, where exposed perithecial mounds on the stromatal surface were unambiguously indicated. This portion of material is redesignated as the neotype, while the other two species with immersed perithecia are described as new: X. hoehnelii and X. robustifurcata. The ITS sequence obtained from the neotype helped us designate a specimen with cultures obtained from it as the epitype. From specimens identifiable as X. furcata, we describe four new species: X. brevifurcata, X. furcatula, X. insignifurcata, and X. tenellifurcata. Additionally, we recognize X. furcata var. hirsuta at the species level as X. hirsuta and consider X. scoparia a distinct species rather than a synonym of X. furcata. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three protein-coding loci showed that X. furcata and resembling species were grouped into two clusters: the X. furcata cluster with half-exposed to fully exposed perithecial mounds and the X. hoehnelii cluster with largely immersed perithecial mounds.

Conclusion: Ten species are recognized for X. furcata and resembling species, all of which could have been identified as X. furcata in the past. Its diversity has been overlooked primarily due to the small and similar stromata. Several additional species have been confirmed to be related to X. furcata by DNA sequences but are yet to be described due to the lack of mature stromata. While the species diversity of macrotermitine termites is equally high in Africa as in Asia, all of the species are primarily found in Asia, with X. hirsuta as the only exception. This suggests that there may be many more undiscovered species for this fungal group.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

重新考虑木木树和九个相似的种。
背景:从白蚁巢中发现的木蝇属(Xylaria)已被鉴定为furcata。然而,l维尔维尔的原始材料已不复存在,对X. furcata的现代解释是基于1908年由von Höhnel从爪哇Buitenzorg植物园的白蚁巢中收集的。2005年,罗杰斯等人将FH的一组von Höhnel材料指定为新型。结果:我们重新检查了FH的新型及其在各种植物标本室的重复株,发现这些标本中混合了三个不同的种。尽管它们都有二分枝的间质和微小的子囊孢子,但只有一个符合2005年的新型化,其中在间质表面暴露的周丘明确显示。这部分材料被重新命名为新种,而其他两个具有浸没鞘的物种被描述为新种:X. hoehnelii和X. robustifurata。从新型中获得的ITS序列帮助我们将其培养的标本指定为表型。从可识别为furcata的标本中,我们描述了四个新种:X. brevifurcata、X. furcatula、X. insignurcata和X. tenelllifurcata。此外,我们在物种水平上将X. furcata var. hirsuta识别为X. hirsuta,并认为X. scoparia是一个不同的物种,而不是X. furcata的同义词。基于3个蛋白质编码位点的分子系统发育分析表明,furcata及其相似种可分为两类:半暴露至完全暴露周丘的furcata群和大部分浸没周丘的hoehnelii群。结论:furcata及其相似种共鉴定出10种,过去均可鉴定为furcata。其多样性被忽视的主要原因是小而相似的基质。另外几个物种已被证实与X. furcata的DNA序列有关,但由于缺乏成熟的基质,尚未被描述。大白蚁的物种多样性在非洲和亚洲同样高,但所有的物种都主要在亚洲发现,只有X. hirsuta是例外。这表明这个真菌群可能还有更多未被发现的物种。
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来源期刊
Botanical Studies
Botanical Studies 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
2.90%
发文量
32
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: Botanical Studies is an open access journal that encompasses all aspects of botany, including but not limited to taxonomy, morphology, development, genetics, evolution, reproduction, systematics, and biodiversity of all plant groups, algae, and fungi. The journal is affiliated with the Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
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