Maintenance of neuronal identity in C. elegans and beyond: Lessons from transcription and chromatin factors

IF 6.2 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Honorine Destain , Manasa Prahlad , Paschalis Kratsios
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Neurons are remarkably long-lived, non-dividing cells that must maintain their functional features (e.g., electrical properties, chemical signaling) for extended periods of time – decades in humans. How neurons accomplish this incredible feat is poorly understood. Here, we review recent advances, primarily in the nematode C. elegans, that have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that enable post-mitotic neurons to maintain their functionality across different life stages. We begin with “terminal selectors” - transcription factors necessary for the establishment and maintenance of neuronal identity. We highlight new findings on five terminal selectors (CHE-1 [Glass], UNC-3 [Collier/Ebf1–4], LIN-39 [Scr/Dfd/Hox4–5], UNC-86 [Acj6/Brn3a-c], AST-1 [Etv1/ER81]) from different transcription factor families (ZNF, COE, HOX, POU, ETS). We compare the functions of these factors in specific neuron types of C. elegans with the actions of their orthologs in other invertebrate (D. melanogaster) and vertebrate (M. musculus) systems, highlighting remarkable functional conservation. Finally, we reflect on recent findings implicating chromatin-modifying proteins, such as histone methyltransferases and Polycomb proteins, in the control of neuronal terminal identity. Altogether, these new studies on transcription factors and chromatin modifiers not only shed light on the fundamental problem of neuronal identity maintenance, but also outline mechanistic principles of gene regulation that may operate in other long-lived, post-mitotic cell types.

秀丽隐杆线虫及其后神经元身份的维持:转录和染色质因子的经验教训。
神经元是非常长寿的、不分裂的细胞,必须在很长一段时间内保持其功能特征(如电特性、化学信号)——在人类中是几十年。神经元是如何完成这一令人难以置信的壮举的,人们对此知之甚少。在这里,我们回顾了最新进展,主要是在秀丽隐杆线虫方面,这些进展增强了我们对有丝分裂后神经元在不同生命阶段保持功能的分子机制的理解。我们从“末端选择因子”开始——建立和维持神经元身份所必需的转录因子。我们强调了来自不同转录因子家族(ZNF、COE、HOX、POU、ETS)的五个末端选择子(CHE-1[玻璃]、UNC-3[科利尔/Ebf1-4]、LIN-39[Scr/Dfd/Hox4-5]、UNC-86[Acj6/Brn3a-c]、AST-1[Etv1/ER81])的新发现。我们将这些因子在秀丽隐杆线虫特定神经元类型中的功能与其直系同源物在其他无脊椎动物(黑腹果蝇)和脊椎动物(肌肉线虫)系统中的作用进行了比较,强调了显著的功能保守性。最后,我们回顾了染色质修饰蛋白(如组蛋白甲基转移酶和多梳蛋白)在神经元末端身份控制中的最新发现。总之,这些关于转录因子和染色质修饰物的新研究不仅揭示了神经元身份维持的基本问题,而且概述了可能在其他长寿、有丝分裂后细胞类型中发挥作用的基因调控的机制原理。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
15.10
自引率
1.40%
发文量
310
审稿时长
9.1 weeks
期刊介绍: Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology is a review journal dedicated to keeping scientists informed of developments in the field of molecular cell and developmental biology, on a topic by topic basis. Each issue is thematic in approach, devoted to an important topic of interest to cell and developmental biologists, focusing on the latest advances and their specific implications. The aim of each issue is to provide a coordinated, readable, and lively review of a selected area, published rapidly to ensure currency.
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