γδ T-cell–mediated immune responses to malaria

IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY
Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan, Yarob Ibraheem, Shin-Ichi Inoue
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Abstract

Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases. Licensed vaccine have demonstrated just over 30% efficacy, and therefore, developing new vaccine candidates and understanding immune responses to Plasmodium have become necessary. γδ T cells have been suggested to be associated with immune responses to malaria due to the observation of their expansion in patients with malaria and experimental models of malaria. γδ T cells act as both “innate-like” and “adaptive-like” cells during immune response to malaria. Studies have found that γδ T cells can recognize Plasmodium phosphoantigen, present the antigen, and initiate adaptive immune response during blood-stage Plasmodium infection. Recent reports also suggested the phagocytic and cytotoxic potential of γδ T cells. Furthermore, γδ T cells can provide protection upon immunization with whole parasite. In addition, γδ T cells during the liver-stage infection were able to prevent experimental cerebral malaria. Despite these new findings, questions related to γδ T-cell response during Plasmodium infection remain to be answered. However, investigating these cells in humans remains difficult in many ways; in this regard, rodent models of malarial infection enable us to study these cells in more detail. Insights from experimental malaria models give rise to new cues for development of malarial vaccine and adjunctive therapy for severe malaria. Here, we review our current knowledge of γδ T-cell immune function in human and experimental mouse malarial infection models; especially, we focus on the mechanisms underlying γδ T cells that are associated with protective immunity during malarial infection.

γδ t细胞介导的疟疾免疫应答
疟疾是最致命的传染病之一。获得许可的疫苗已显示出30%以上的效力,因此,开发新的候选疫苗和了解对疟原虫的免疫反应已成为必要。由于在疟疾患者和疟疾实验模型中观察到γδ T细胞的扩增,因此认为γδ T细胞与疟疾免疫应答有关。在疟疾免疫应答过程中,γδ T细胞同时作为“先天样”和“适应性样”细胞。研究发现,在血期疟原虫感染过程中,γδ T细胞能够识别疟原虫磷酸抗原并呈递抗原,启动适应性免疫应答。最近的报道也表明γδ T细胞具有吞噬和细胞毒性潜能。此外,γδ T细胞可在整个寄生虫免疫时提供保护。此外,肝期感染期间的γδ T细胞能够预防实验性脑疟疾。尽管有这些新发现,但与疟原虫感染期间γδ t细胞反应有关的问题仍有待回答。然而,在人体中研究这些细胞在许多方面仍然很困难;在这方面,啮齿动物疟疾感染模型使我们能够更详细地研究这些细胞。实验疟疾模型的见解为开发疟疾疫苗和严重疟疾的辅助疗法提供了新的线索。在这里,我们回顾了我们目前对人类和实验小鼠疟疾感染模型中γδ t细胞免疫功能的了解;特别是,我们专注于在疟疾感染期间与保护性免疫相关的γδ T细胞的潜在机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Microbiology and Immunology
Microbiology and Immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
3.80%
发文量
78
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Immunology is published in association with Japanese Society for Bacteriology, Japanese Society for Virology, and Japanese Society for Host Defense Research. It is peer-reviewed publication that provides insight into the study of microbes and the host immune, biological and physiological responses. Fields covered by Microbiology and Immunology include:Bacteriology|Virology|Immunology|pathogenic infections in human, animals and plants|pathogenicity and virulence factors such as microbial toxins and cell-surface components|factors involved in host defense, inflammation, development of vaccines|antimicrobial agents and drug resistance of microbes|genomics and proteomics.
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