Creating the "Dew Drop on a Rose Petal": the Molecular Pathogenesis of Varicella-Zoster Virus Skin Lesions.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Epub Date: 2023-06-24 DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00116-22
Ann M Arvin
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Abstract

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella (chicken pox) as the primary infection in a susceptible host. Varicella is very contagious through its transmission by direct contact with vesicular skin lesions that contain high titers of infectious virus and respiratory droplets. While the clinical manifestations of primary VZV infection are well recognized, defining the molecular mechanisms that drive VZV pathogenesis in the naive host before adaptive antiviral immunity is induced has been a challenge due to species specificity. This review focuses on advances made in identifying the differentiated human host cells targeted by VZV to cause varicella, the processes involved in viral takeover of these heterogenous cell types, and the host cell countermeasures that typically culminate in a benign illness. This work has revealed many unexpected and multifaceted mechanisms used by VZV to achieve its high prevalence and persistence in the human population.

创造“玫瑰花瓣上的露珠”:水痘带状疱疹病毒皮肤病变的分子发病机制。
水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)是一种人类α疱疹病毒,可导致水痘(水痘)作为易感宿主的主要感染。水痘通过直接接触含有高滴度传染性病毒和呼吸道飞沫的水泡性皮肤病变而传播,传染性很强。虽然原发性VZV感染的临床表现得到了很好的认识,但由于物种特异性,在诱导适应性抗病毒免疫之前,确定驱动初始宿主中VZV发病机制的分子机制一直是一个挑战。这篇综述的重点是在鉴定VZV靶向的导致水痘的分化人类宿主细胞、病毒接管这些异质性细胞类型的过程以及通常导致良性疾病的宿主细胞对策方面取得的进展。这项工作揭示了VZV用于实现其在人群中的高流行率和持久性的许多意想不到的多方面机制。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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