Effect of Air Exposure on Electron-Beam-Induced Degradation of Perovskite Films

IF 4.8 Q2 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY
Romika Sharma*, Qiannan Zhang*, Linh Lan Nguyen, Teddy Salim, Yeng Ming Lam, Tze Chien Sum and Martial Duchamp*, 
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites are interesting candidates for solar cell and optoelectronic applications owing to their advantageous properties such as a tunable band gap, low material cost, and high charge carrier mobilities. Despite making significant progress, concerns about material stability continue to impede the commercialization of perovskite-based technology. In this article, we investigate the impact of environmental parameters on the alteration of structural properties of MAPbI3 (CH3NH3PbI3) thin films using microscopy techniques. These characterizations are performed on MAPbI3 thin films exposed to air, nitrogen, and vacuum environments, the latter being possible by using dedicated air-free transfer setups, after their fabrication into a nitrogen-filled glovebox. We observed that even less than 3 min of air exposure increases the sensitivity to electron beam deterioration and modifies the structural transformation pathway as compared to MAPbI3 thin films which are not exposed to air. Similarly, the time evolution of the optical responses and the defect formation of both air-exposed and non-air-exposed MAPbI3 thin films are measured by time-resolved photoluminescence. The formation of defects in the air-exposed MAPbI3 thin films is first observed by optical techniques at longer timescales, while structural modifications are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements and supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Based on the complementarity of TEM, XPS, and time-resolved optical measurements, we propose two different degradation mechanism pathways for air-exposed and non-air-exposed MAPbI3 thin films. We find that when exposed to air, the crystalline structure of MAPbI3 shows gradual evolution from its initial tetragonal MAPbI3 structure to PbI2 through three different stages. No significant structural changes over time from the initial structure are observed for the MAPbI3 thin films which are not exposed to air.

Abstract Image

空气暴露对电子束诱导钙钛矿薄膜降解的影响
有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿是太阳能电池和光电应用的有趣候选者,因为它们具有可调带隙、低材料成本和高电荷载流子迁移率等优势。尽管取得了重大进展,但对材料稳定性的担忧继续阻碍钙钛矿技术的商业化。在本文中,我们使用显微镜技术研究了环境参数对MAPbI3(CH3NH3PbI3)薄膜结构性能变化的影响。这些表征是在暴露于空气、氮气和真空环境的MAPbI3薄膜上进行的,后者可以在将其制造到充氮手套箱中后,通过使用专用的无空气转移装置进行。我们观察到,与不暴露于空气的MAPbI3薄膜相比,即使不到3分钟的空气暴露也会增加对电子束劣化的敏感性,并改变结构转变途径。类似地,通过时间分辨光致发光测量暴露于空气和未暴露于空气的MAPbI3薄膜的光学响应的时间演变和缺陷形成。首先通过光学技术在较长的时间尺度上观察到暴露在空气中的MAPbI3薄膜中缺陷的形成,而通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)测量和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测量观察到结构修饰。基于TEM、XPS和时间分辨光学测量的互补性,我们提出了空气暴露和非空气暴露的MAPbI3薄膜的两种不同降解机制。我们发现,当暴露在空气中时,MAPbI3的晶体结构显示出从最初的四方MAPbI3结构经过三个不同阶段逐渐演变为PbI2。对于未暴露于空气的MAPbI3薄膜,没有观察到从初始结构随时间的显著结构变化。
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来源期刊
ACS Nanoscience Au
ACS Nanoscience Au 材料科学、纳米科学-
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: ACS Nanoscience Au is an open access journal that publishes original fundamental and applied research on nanoscience and nanotechnology research at the interfaces of chemistry biology medicine materials science physics and engineering.The journal publishes short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives on all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology:synthesis assembly characterization theory modeling and simulation of nanostructures nanomaterials and nanoscale devicesdesign fabrication and applications of organic inorganic polymer hybrid and biological nanostructuresexperimental and theoretical studies of nanoscale chemical physical and biological phenomenamethods and tools for nanoscience and nanotechnologyself- and directed-assemblyzero- one- and two-dimensional materialsnanostructures and nano-engineered devices with advanced performancenanobiotechnologynanomedicine and nanotoxicologyACS Nanoscience Au also publishes original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials engineering physics bioscience and chemistry into important applications of nanomaterials.
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