Role of glia and extracellular matrix in controlling neuroplasticity in the central nervous system.

IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Egor Dzyubenko, Dirk M Hermann
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Neuronal plasticity is critical for the maintenance and modulation of brain activity. Emerging evidence indicates that glial cells actively shape neuroplasticity, allowing for highly flexible regulation of synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and network synchronization. Astrocytes regulate synaptogenesis, stabilize synaptic connectivity, and preserve the balance between excitation and inhibition in neuronal networks. Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells, continuously monitor and sculpt synapses, allowing for the remodeling of brain circuits. Glia-mediated neuroplasticity is driven by neuronal activity, controlled by a plethora of feedback signaling mechanisms and crucially involves extracellular matrix remodeling in the central nervous system. This review summarizes the key findings considering neurotransmission regulation and metabolic support by astrocyte-neuronal networks, and synaptic remodeling mediated by microglia. Novel data indicate that astrocytes and microglia are pivotal for controlling brain function, indicating the necessity to rethink neurocentric neuroplasticity views.

Abstract Image

神经胶质和细胞外基质在中枢神经系统神经可塑性调控中的作用。
神经元的可塑性是维持和调节大脑活动的关键。新出现的证据表明,神经胶质细胞积极塑造神经可塑性,允许突触传递,神经元兴奋性和网络同步的高度灵活的调节。星形胶质细胞调节突触发生,稳定突触连通性,保持神经元网络兴奋和抑制之间的平衡。小胶质细胞,驻留在大脑中的免疫细胞,持续监测和塑造突触,允许重塑大脑回路。胶质细胞介导的神经可塑性由神经元活动驱动,由大量反馈信号机制控制,关键涉及中枢神经系统的细胞外基质重塑。本文综述了星形胶质细胞-神经元网络对神经传递的调节和代谢支持,以及小胶质细胞介导的突触重塑等方面的主要研究成果。新的数据表明星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞在控制脑功能方面起着关键作用,这表明有必要重新思考神经中心神经可塑性的观点。
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来源期刊
Seminars in Immunopathology
Seminars in Immunopathology 医学-病理学
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
2.20%
发文量
69
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The aim of Seminars in Immunopathology is to bring clinicians and pathologists up-to-date on developments in the field of immunopathology.For this purpose topical issues will be organized usually with the help of a guest editor.Recent developments are summarized in review articles by authors who have personally contributed to the specific topic.
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