Lathyrism in Spain: Lessons from 68 publications following the 1936-39 Civil War.

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Santiago Giménez-Roldán, Valerie S Palmer, Peter S Spencer
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

After the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), an estimated 1,000 patients presented with lathyrism due to their excessive and prolonged consumption of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) against the backdrop of poverty, drought, and famine. Based on 68 scientific communications between 1941 and 1962 by qualified medical professionals, the disease emerged in different geographical locations involving selective populations: (1) farmers from extensive areas of central Spain, traditionally producers and consumers of grasspea; (2) immigrants in the industrial belt of Catalonia and in the Basque Country, areas with little or no production of grasspea, which was imported from producing areas; (3) workers in Galicia, an area where the legume is neither produced nor consumed, who were seasonally displaced to high-production areas of grasspea in Castille; and (4) inmates of overcrowded postwar Spanish prisons. Original reports included failed attempts by Carlos Jiménez Díaz (1898-1967) to induce experimental lathyrism, the neuropathology of lathyrism in early stages of the disease in two patients, as reported by Carlos Oliveras de la Riva (1914-2007), and the special susceptibility of children to develop a severe form of lathyrism after relatively brief periods of consumption of the neurotoxic seed of L. sativus. In the Spanish Basque Country, L. cicera L. (aizkol) was cultivated exclusively as animal fodder. Patients who were forced to feed on this plant developed unusual manifestations of lathyrism, such as axial myoclonus and severe neuropsychiatric disorders, unknown in other regions of the country and previously unreported. The postwar epidemic of lathyrism in Spain represents the most extensively studied outbreak of this self-limiting but crippling upper motor neuron disease.

西班牙的拉脱维亚主义:1936-39年内战后68份出版物的教训。
西班牙内战(1936-1939)结束后,估计有1000名患者因在贫困、干旱和饥荒的背景下过度和长期食用豌豆(Lathyrus sativus L.)而出现带状疱疹。根据1941年至1962年间由合格的医学专业人员进行的68次科学交流,该疾病出现在不同的地理位置,涉及选择性人群:(1)来自西班牙中部广大地区的农民,传统上是豌豆的生产者和消费者;(2) 加泰罗尼亚工业带和巴斯克地区的移民,这些地区很少或根本没有从生产区进口的豌豆;(3) 加利西亚的工人,这个地区既不生产也不消费豆类,他们季节性地被转移到卡斯蒂利亚的草豆高产区;以及(4)战后西班牙监狱人满为患的囚犯。最初的报告包括Carlos Jiménez Díaz(1898-1967)诱导实验性带状疱疹的失败尝试,Carlos Oliveras de la Riva(1914-2007)报道的两名患者早期带状疱疹的神经病理学,以及儿童在相对短暂地食用具有神经毒性的L.sativus种子后,特别容易患上严重的带状疱疹。在西班牙巴斯克地区,L.cicera L.(aizkol)仅作为动物饲料种植。被迫食用这种植物的患者出现了不寻常的带状疱疹症状,如轴性肌阵挛和严重的神经精神障碍,这在该国其他地区是未知的,以前也没有报道。战后在西班牙流行的带状疱疹是对这种自我限制但致残的上运动神经元疾病研究最广泛的一次爆发。
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来源期刊
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
20.00%
发文量
55
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of the History of the Neurosciences is the leading communication platform dealing with the historical roots of the basic and applied neurosciences. Its domains cover historical perspectives and developments, including biographical studies, disorders, institutions, documents, and instrumentation in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychiatry, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropsychology, and the behavioral neurosciences. The history of ideas, changes in society and medicine, and the connections with other disciplines (e.g., the arts, philosophy, psychology) are welcome. In addition to original, full-length papers, the journal welcomes informative short communications, letters to the editors, book reviews, and contributions to its NeuroWords and Neurognostics columns. All manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by an Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, full- and short-length papers are subject to peer review (double blind, if requested) by at least 2 anonymous referees.
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