Jee In Kim, Finlay Maguire, Kara K Tsang, Theodore Gouliouris, Sharon J Peacock, Tim A McAllister, Andrew G McArthur, Robert G Beiko
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis that poses a great threat to modern medicine. Effective prevention strategies are urgently required to slow the emergence and further dissemination of AMR. Given the availability of data sets encompassing hundreds or thousands of pathogen genomes, machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used to predict resistance to different antibiotics in pathogens based on gene content and genome composition. A key objective of this work is to advocate for the incorporation of ML into front-line settings but also highlight the further refinements that are necessary to safely and confidently incorporate these methods. The question of what to predict is not trivial given the existence of different quantitative and qualitative laboratory measures of AMR. ML models typically treat genes as independent predictors, with no consideration of structural and functional linkages; they also may not be accurate when new mutational variants of known AMR genes emerge. Finally, to have the technology trusted by end users in public health settings, ML models need to be transparent and explainable to ensure that the basis for prediction is clear. We strongly advocate that the next set of AMR-ML studies should focus on the refinement of these limitations to be able to bridge the gap to diagnostic implementation.
抗菌素耐药性(AMR)是对现代医学构成巨大威胁的全球健康危机。迫切需要有效的预防策略来减缓 AMR 的出现和进一步传播。由于可以获得包含成百上千病原体基因组的数据集,机器学习(ML)正越来越多地用于根据基因含量和基因组组成预测病原体对不同抗生素的耐药性。这项工作的一个主要目的是倡导将 ML 应用于一线环境,但同时也强调了进一步的改进,这对于安全、自信地应用这些方法是必不可少的。由于实验室对 AMR 有不同的定量和定性测量方法,因此预测什么的问题并不简单。ML 模型通常将基因视为独立的预测因子,而不考虑结构和功能上的联系;当已知 AMR 基因出现新的突变变体时,这些模型也可能不准确。最后,为了使这项技术得到公共卫生领域最终用户的信任,ML 模型必须是透明的、可解释的,以确保预测的依据是明确的。我们强烈主张,下一组 AMR-ML 研究应侧重于改进这些局限性,以弥补诊断实施方面的差距。
期刊介绍:
Clinical Microbiology Reviews (CMR) is a journal that primarily focuses on clinical microbiology and immunology.It aims to provide readers with up-to-date information on the latest developments in these fields.CMR also presents the current state of knowledge in clinical microbiology and immunology.Additionally, the journal offers balanced and thought-provoking perspectives on controversial issues in these areas.