Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater: Geochemical Basis of Treatment Technologies

IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Sushil R. Kanel*, Tonoy K. Das, Rajender S. Varma, Sudarshan Kurwadkar, Sudip Chakraborty, Tista Prasai Joshi, Achintya N. Bezbaruah and Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda*, 
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Arsenic (As) is abundant in the environment and can be found in both organic (e.g., methylated) and inorganic (e.g., arsenate and arsenite) forms. The source of As in the environment is attributed to both natural reactions and anthropogenic activities. As can also be released naturally to groundwater through As-bearing minerals including arsenopyrites, realgar, and orpiment. Similarly, agricultural and industrial activities have elevated As levels in groundwater. High levels of As in groundwater pose serious health risks and have been regulated in many developed and developing countries. In particular, the presence of inorganic forms of As in drinking water sources gained widespread attention due to their cellular and enzyme disruption activities. The research community has primarily focused on reviewing the natural occurrence and mobilization of As. Yet, As originating from anthropogenic activities, its mobility, and potential treatment techniques have not been covered. This review summarizes the origin, geochemistry, occurrence, mobilization, microbial interaction of natural and anthropogenic-As, and common remediation technologies for As removal from groundwater. In addition, As remediation methods are critically evaluated in terms of practical applicability at drinking water treatment plants, knowledge gaps, and future research needs. Finally, perspectives on As removal technologies and associated implementation limitations in developing countries and small communities are discussed.

Abstract Image

地下水中砷污染:治理技术的地球化学基础
砷(As)在环境中含量丰富,可以以有机(如甲基化)和无机(如砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐)形式存在。环境中砷的来源既可归因于自然反应,也可归因于人类活动。砷也可以通过砷黄铁矿、雄黄和雌黄等含砷矿物自然释放到地下水中。同样,农业和工业活动也提高了地下水中的砷含量。地下水中砷含量高会对健康造成严重风险,许多发达国家和发展中国家都对此进行了监管。特别是,饮用水源中无机形式As的存在由于其细胞和酶破坏活性而受到广泛关注。研究界主要关注As的自然发生和动员。然而,源于人类活动的As、其流动性和潜在的治疗技术尚未涵盖。本文综述了天然和人为砷的来源、地球化学、赋存、迁移、微生物相互作用以及地下水中常见的砷去除修复技术。此外,根据饮用水处理厂的实际适用性、知识差距和未来的研究需求,对As修复方法进行了严格评估。最后,讨论了对砷去除技术的看法以及在发展中国家和小社区的相关实施限制。
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来源期刊
ACS Environmental Au
ACS Environmental Au 环境科学-
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: ACS Environmental Au is an open access journal which publishes experimental research and theoretical results in all aspects of environmental science and technology both pure and applied. Short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives are welcome in the following areas:Alternative EnergyAnthropogenic Impacts on Atmosphere Soil or WaterBiogeochemical CyclingBiomass or Wastes as ResourcesContaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial EnvironmentsEnvironmental Data ScienceEcotoxicology and Public HealthEnergy and ClimateEnvironmental Modeling Processes and Measurement Methods and TechnologiesEnvironmental Nanotechnology and BiotechnologyGreen ChemistryGreen Manufacturing and EngineeringRisk assessment Regulatory Frameworks and Life-Cycle AssessmentsTreatment and Resource Recovery and Waste Management
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