Acute ecotoxicological effects of Hg(CN)₂ in Danio rerio (zebrafish).

IF 2.4 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecotoxicology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI:10.1007/s10646-023-02651-w

Henrique Alencar Meira da Silva, Daniele Kasper, Bruce G Marshall, Marcello M Veiga, Jean Remy Davée Guimaraes

{"title":"Acute ecotoxicological effects of Hg(CN)2 in Danio rerio (zebrafish).","authors":"Henrique Alencar Meira da Silva, Daniele Kasper, Bruce G Marshall, Marcello M Veiga, Jean Remy Davée Guimaraes","doi":"10.1007/s10646-023-02651-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest source of anthropogenic Hg emissions on the planet. In addition, Hg-contaminated tailings are often reprocessed with sodium cyanide (NaCN) to extract the residual gold remaining in the material. This leads to the formation of mercury cyanide (Hg(CN)2) complexes, which are often discharged in untreated form into local drainages, leading to large amounts of free cyanide being released. However, data on mercury-cyanide interactions are scarce. In this study, we investigated the impact of cyanide and Hg bioavailability in zebrafish when added as Hg(CN)2. Different concentrations of Hg(CN)2 and NaCN were used, leading to an LC50 of 0.53 mg.L-1 for NaCN and 0.16 mg.L-1 for Hg(CN)2. Analyzing free cyanide concentrations in aquarium water, >40% dissociation was observed for NaCN and about 5% for Hg(CN)2. The accumulation of total Hg (THg) in the brain, gills, muscle and kidney was quantified. All fish exposed to Hg(CN)2 had higher THg levels than their controls and kidney was the tissue with higher Hg(CN)2 accumulation. Histological effects on the kidney and gills of both cyanides in D. rerio tissues were investigated, suggesting renal alterations in fish exposed to Hg(CN)2 and showing hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed to NaCN and Hg(CN)2. The results alert to the risks of the presence of these complexes in aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"32 4","pages":"429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecotoxicology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-023-02651-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest source of anthropogenic Hg emissions on the planet. In addition, Hg-contaminated tailings are often reprocessed with sodium cyanide (NaCN) to extract the residual gold remaining in the material. This leads to the formation of mercury cyanide (Hg(CN)₂) complexes, which are often discharged in untreated form into local drainages, leading to large amounts of free cyanide being released. However, data on mercury-cyanide interactions are scarce. In this study, we investigated the impact of cyanide and Hg bioavailability in zebrafish when added as Hg(CN)₂. Different concentrations of Hg(CN)₂ and NaCN were used, leading to an LC₅₀ of 0.53 mg.L^-1 for NaCN and 0.16 mg.L^-1 for Hg(CN)₂. Analyzing free cyanide concentrations in aquarium water, >40% dissociation was observed for NaCN and about 5% for Hg(CN)₂. The accumulation of total Hg (THg) in the brain, gills, muscle and kidney was quantified. All fish exposed to Hg(CN)₂ had higher THg levels than their controls and kidney was the tissue with higher Hg(CN)₂ accumulation. Histological effects on the kidney and gills of both cyanides in D. rerio tissues were investigated, suggesting renal alterations in fish exposed to Hg(CN)₂ and showing hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed to NaCN and Hg(CN)₂. The results alert to the risks of the presence of these complexes in aquatic environments.

查看原文本刊更多论文

汞(CN)2在斑马鱼体内的急性生态毒理学效应。

手工和小规模金矿开采(ASGM)是地球上人为汞排放的最大来源。此外，汞污染的尾矿往往用氰化钠(NaCN)再处理，以提取残留在物料中的残金。这导致氰化汞(Hg(CN)2)络合物的形成，这些络合物通常以未经处理的形式排入当地的排水系统，导致大量游离氰化物被释放。然而，关于汞与氰化物相互作用的数据很少。在本研究中，我们研究了添加Hg(CN)2时氰化物和汞在斑马鱼体内生物利用度的影响。采用不同浓度的Hg(CN)2和NaCN, LC50为0.53 mg。NaCN为L-1, 0.16 mg。Hg(CN)2为L-1。分析水族馆水中的游离氰化物浓度，NaCN的解离率>40%，Hg(CN)2的解离率约为5%。测定大鼠脑、鳃、肌肉和肾脏中总汞(THg)的积累量。所有暴露于Hg(CN)2的鱼的THg水平均高于对照，肾脏是Hg(CN)2积累较高的组织。研究了两种氰化物对鱼肾和鱼鳃组织的组织学影响，表明暴露于Hg(CN)2的鱼的肾脏发生了改变，暴露于NaCN和Hg(CN)2的动物的鱼鳃出现了增生。研究结果提醒人们注意这些复合体在水生环境中存在的风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Ecotoxicology 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

3.70%

发文量

107

审稿时长

4.7 months

期刊介绍： Ecotoxicology is an international journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research on the effects of toxic chemicals on populations, communities and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. It aims to elucidate mechanisms and processes whereby chemicals exert their effects on ecosystems and the impact caused at the population or community level. The journal is not biased with respect to taxon or biome, and papers that indicate possible new approaches to regulation and control of toxic chemicals and those aiding in formulating ways of conserving threatened species are particularly welcome. Studies on individuals should demonstrate linkage to population effects in clear and quantitative ways. Laboratory studies must show a clear linkage to specific field situations. The journal includes not only original research papers but technical notes and review articles, both invited and submitted. A strong, broadly based editorial board ensures as wide an international coverage as possible.