Do Anxiety Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Cannabis Use Frequency and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Emerging Adult Undergraduates?

IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
Haley C R Bernusky, Philip G Tibbo, Patricia J Conrod, Fakir Md Yunus, Matthew T Keough, Kara D Thompson, Marvin D Krank, Allyson F Hadwin, Sherry H Stewart
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Abstract

Objective: Cannabis is commonly used by Canadian emerging adults (ages 18-25 years), many of whom attend post-secondary institutions. Frequent cannabis use is linked with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs); however, the exact nature of this association remains unclear. Anxiety symptoms may mediate this association, as they are prevalent in emerging adults and have been independently linked with both cannabis use and PLEs. Past work found that anxiety mediated the association between cannabis use frequency and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (further along the psychosis continuum than PLEs), however this research had yet to be validated in the Canadian population, and trait rather than state anxiety (frequency of anxiety symptoms) was studied. Thus, our primary objective was to examine if anxiety symptoms mediated the association between cannabis use frequency and PLEs in Canadian emerging adult undergraduates. Despite known sex differences in cannabis use, expression of anxiety, and PLEs, past work did not evaluate the potential impact of biological sex on the anxiety-mediated model, and thus is the secondary objective of the present study.

Methods: 1,266 first-/second-year emerging adult undergraduates from five Canadian universities provided cross-sectional, self-report survey data in fall 2021 semester. Validated measures of cannabis use frequency, anxiety, and PLEs were administered.

Results: Path analyses supported mediation from cannabis use to PLEs through anxiety (b  =  0.07, P < 0.001, 95% bootstrap CI [0.03, 0.10]). No direct effect was found (P  =  0.457), suggesting that the cannabis-to-PLEs association was mediated by anxiety. Mediation did not depend on biological sex (i.e., bootstrapped 95% CIs crossed zero).

Conclusions: Anxiety symptoms mediated the association between cannabis use and PLEs in emerging adults regardless of their biological sex. Assuming replication in prospective research, results highlight anxiety as an important intervention target in frequent cannabis-using emerging adults, to potentially prevent development/worsening of PLEs, and in turn psychotic illness.

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焦虑症状是否介导了新生成年大学生使用大麻的频率和类似精神病的经历之间的联系?
目的:加拿大新兴成年人(18-25岁)普遍使用大麻,其中许多人就读于高等教育机构。频繁使用大麻与精神病样经历(PLEs)有关;然而,这种关联的确切性质仍不清楚。焦虑症状可能介导这种联系,因为它们在新兴成年人中普遍存在,并与大麻使用和PLE独立相关。过去的研究发现,焦虑介导了大麻使用频率和减弱的阳性精神病症状之间的联系(比PLEs更接近精神病连续体),但这项研究尚未在加拿大人群中得到验证,研究的是特质焦虑,而不是状态焦虑(焦虑症状的频率)。因此,我们的主要目的是研究加拿大新生成年本科生的焦虑症状是否介导了大麻使用频率与PLEs之间的关系。尽管已知大麻使用、焦虑表达和PLEs的性别差异,但过去的工作没有评估生物性别对焦虑介导模型的潜在影响,因此是本研究的次要目标。方法:来自五所加拿大大学的1266名一年级/二年级新生在2021年秋季学期提供了横断面的自我报告调查数据。对大麻使用频率、焦虑和PLEs进行了验证。结果:路径分析支持通过焦虑从大麻使用到PLE的中介作用(b  =  0.07,P P  =  0.457),表明大麻与PLEs的关联是由焦虑介导的。中介作用不取决于生理性别(即,自我引导的95%置信区间为零)。结论:焦虑症状介导了新兴成年人使用大麻与PLE之间的关联,无论其生理性别如何。假设在前瞻性研究中重复,结果强调焦虑是频繁使用大麻的新兴成年人的重要干预目标,有可能防止PLEs的发展/恶化,进而预防精神病。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.50%
发文量
69
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Established in 1956, The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (The CJP) has been keeping psychiatrists up-to-date on the latest research for nearly 60 years. The CJP provides a forum for psychiatry and mental health professionals to share their findings with researchers and clinicians. The CJP includes peer-reviewed scientific articles analyzing ongoing developments in Canadian and international psychiatry.
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