Methods for Evaluating Environmental Health Impacts at Different Stages of the Policy Process in Cities.

IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Current Environmental Health Reports Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-07 DOI:10.1007/s40572-022-00349-5
Jaime Benavides, Sebastian T Rowland, Jenni A Shearston, Yanelli Nunez, Darby W Jack, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou
{"title":"Methods for Evaluating Environmental Health Impacts at Different Stages of the Policy Process in Cities.","authors":"Jaime Benavides, Sebastian T Rowland, Jenni A Shearston, Yanelli Nunez, Darby W Jack, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00349-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Evaluating the environmental health impacts of urban policies is critical for developing and implementing policies that lead to more healthy and equitable cities. This article aims to (1) identify research questions commonly used when evaluating the health impacts of urban policies at different stages of the policy process, (2) describe commonly used methods, and (3) discuss challenges, opportunities, and future directions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In the diagnosis and design stages of the policy process, research questions aim to characterize environmental problems affecting human health and to estimate the potential impacts of new policies. Simulation methods using existing exposure-response information to estimate health impacts predominate at these stages of the policy process. In subsequent stages, e.g., during implementation, research questions aim to understand the actual policy impacts. Simulation methods or observational methods, which rely on experimental data gathered in the study area to assess the effectiveness of the policy, can be applied at these stages. Increasingly, novel techniques fuse both simulation and observational methods to enhance the robustness of impact evaluations assessing implemented policies. The policy process consists of interdependent stages, from inception to end, but most reviewed studies focus on single stages, neglecting the continuity of the policy life cycle. Studies assessing the health impacts of policies using a multi-stage approach are lacking. Most studies investigate intended impacts of policies; focusing also on unintended impacts may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"183-195"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8986968/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Environmental Health Reports","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-022-00349-5","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/4/7 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Evaluating the environmental health impacts of urban policies is critical for developing and implementing policies that lead to more healthy and equitable cities. This article aims to (1) identify research questions commonly used when evaluating the health impacts of urban policies at different stages of the policy process, (2) describe commonly used methods, and (3) discuss challenges, opportunities, and future directions.

Recent findings: In the diagnosis and design stages of the policy process, research questions aim to characterize environmental problems affecting human health and to estimate the potential impacts of new policies. Simulation methods using existing exposure-response information to estimate health impacts predominate at these stages of the policy process. In subsequent stages, e.g., during implementation, research questions aim to understand the actual policy impacts. Simulation methods or observational methods, which rely on experimental data gathered in the study area to assess the effectiveness of the policy, can be applied at these stages. Increasingly, novel techniques fuse both simulation and observational methods to enhance the robustness of impact evaluations assessing implemented policies. The policy process consists of interdependent stages, from inception to end, but most reviewed studies focus on single stages, neglecting the continuity of the policy life cycle. Studies assessing the health impacts of policies using a multi-stage approach are lacking. Most studies investigate intended impacts of policies; focusing also on unintended impacts may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of policies.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

城市政策制定过程不同阶段的环境健康影响评估方法。
审查目的:评估城市政策对环境健康的影响对于制定和实施能使城市更健康、更公平的政策至关重要。本文旨在:(1)确定在政策过程的不同阶段评估城市政策对健康的影响时常用的研究问题;(2)介绍常用的方法;(3)讨论挑战、机遇和未来方向:在政策过程的诊断和设计阶段,研究问题旨在确定影响人类健康的环境问题的特征,并估计新政策的潜在影响。在政策制定过程的这些阶段,使用现有暴露-反应信息来估计健康影响的模拟方法占主导地位。在随后的阶段,如实施过程中,研究问题旨在了解政策的实际影响。在这些阶段,可以采用模拟方法或观察方法,即依靠在研究区域收集的实验数据来评估政策的有效性。越来越多的新技术融合了模拟和观察方法,以提高对已实施政策的影响评估的稳健性。政策过程包括从开始到结束的各个相互依存的阶段,但大多数已审查的研究只关注单一阶段,而忽视了政策生命周期的连续性。缺乏采用多阶段方法评估政策对健康影响的研究。大多数研究调查了政策的预期影响;同时关注意外影响可能会提供更全面的政策评估。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
1.30%
发文量
47
期刊介绍: Current Environmental Health Reports provides up-to-date expert reviews in environmental health. The goal is to evaluate and synthesize original research in all disciplines relevant for environmental health sciences, including basic research, clinical research, epidemiology, and environmental policy.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信