{"title":"Surgery in Thyroid Eye Disease.","authors":"Javiera Araya, Sabhyta Sabharwal, César A Briceño","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000462","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The clinical manifestations of thyroid eye disease (TED) vary among patients and typically follow a biphasic course with active and inactive phases. Ocular proptosis, periorbital edema, eyelid retraction, orbital fat congestion, and infiltration causing fibrosis of enlarged extraocular muscles are several classic active phase signs. These changes may persist in the inactive phase, or regress only partially, necessitating reconstructive surgical intervention. In addition to cosmetic disfigurement, patients may develop strabismus, exposure keratopathy, and compressive optic neuropathy.1 Surgical rehabilitation in TED is complex, requiring a stepwise approach. Orbital decompression, followed by strabismus surgery, followed by eyelid surgery, is the accepted sequence of surgical intervention, as each step may affect the next.1","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"63 2","pages":"91-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000462","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of thyroid eye disease (TED) vary among patients and typically follow a biphasic course with active and inactive phases. Ocular proptosis, periorbital edema, eyelid retraction, orbital fat congestion, and infiltration causing fibrosis of enlarged extraocular muscles are several classic active phase signs. These changes may persist in the inactive phase, or regress only partially, necessitating reconstructive surgical intervention. In addition to cosmetic disfigurement, patients may develop strabismus, exposure keratopathy, and compressive optic neuropathy.1 Surgical rehabilitation in TED is complex, requiring a stepwise approach. Orbital decompression, followed by strabismus surgery, followed by eyelid surgery, is the accepted sequence of surgical intervention, as each step may affect the next.1
期刊介绍:
International Ophthalmology Clinics is a valuable resource for any medical professional seeking to stay informed and up-to-date regarding developments in this dynamic specialty. Each issue of this quarterly publication presents a comprehensive review of a single topic in a new or changing area of ophthalmology. The timely, tightly focused review articles found in this publication give ophthalmologists the opportunity to benefit from the knowledge of leading experts in this rapidly changing field.