The Role of Host and Fungal Factors in the Commensal-to-Pathogen Transition of Candida albicans.

IF 3.1 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1007/s40588-023-00190-w

Ilse D Jacobsen

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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Abstract:

Purpose of review: The fungus Candida albicans has evolved to live in close association with warm-blooded hosts and is found frequently on mucosal surfaces of healthy humans. As an opportunistic pathogen, C. albicans can also cause mucosal and disseminated infections (candidiasis). This review describes the features that differentiate the fungus in the commensal versus pathogenic state and the main factors underlying C. albicans commensal-to-pathogen transition.

Recent findings: Adhesion, invasion, and tissue damage are critical steps in the infection process. Especially invasion and damage require transcriptional and morphological changes that differentiate C. albicans in the pathogenic from the commensal state. While the commensal-to-pathogen transition has some conserved causes and features in the oral cavity, the female urogenital tract, and the gut, site-specific differences have been identified in recent years.

Summary: This review highlights how specific factors in the different mucosal niches affect development of candidiasis. Recent evidence suggests that colonization of the gut is not only a risk factor for systemic candidiasis but might also provide beneficial effects to the host.

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宿主和真菌因子在白色念珠菌共生向病原体转化中的作用。

摘要:回顾目的:白色念珠菌已经进化到与温血宿主密切相关，并且经常在健康人的粘膜表面发现。作为机会致病菌，白色念珠菌也可引起粘膜和播散性感染(念珠菌病)。本文综述了白色念珠菌在共生与致病状态下的特征，以及白色念珠菌从共生向病原体转变的主要因素。最近的研究发现:粘附、侵袭和组织损伤是感染过程中的关键步骤。特别是侵袭和破坏需要转录和形态的变化来区分白色念珠菌在致病状态和共生状态。虽然在口腔、女性泌尿生殖道和肠道中，评论到病原体的转变有一些保守的原因和特征，但近年来已经确定了特定部位的差异。摘要:本文综述了不同粘膜生态位的特定因素如何影响念珠菌病的发展。最近的证据表明，肠道的定植不仅是系统性念珠菌病的危险因素，而且可能对宿主有有益的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports MICROBIOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

1.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： Current Clinical Microbiology Reports commissions expert reviews from leading scientists at the forefront of research in microbiology. The journal covers this broad field by dividing it into four key main areas of study: virology, bacteriology, parasitology, and mycology. Within each of the four sections, experts from around the world address important aspects of clinical microbiology such as immunology, diagnostics, therapeutics, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, and vaccines. Some of the world’s foremost authorities in the field of microbiology serve as section editors and editorial board members. Section editors select topics for which leading researchers are invited to contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, which are highlighted in annotated reference lists. These timely reviews of the literature examine the latest scientific discoveries and controversies as they emerge and are indispensable to both researchers and clinicians. The editorial board, composed of more than 20 internationally diverse members, reviews the annual table of contents, ensures that topics address all aspects of emerging research, and where applicable suggests topics of critical importance to various countries/regions.