The Fallacy of Misplaced Presumption

IF 1 2区文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION

Argumentation Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI:10.1007/s10503-023-09611-y

James B. Freeman

{"title":"The Fallacy of Misplaced Presumption","authors":"James B. Freeman","doi":"10.1007/s10503-023-09611-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One takes one’s word that <i>p</i> when a source vouches for <i>p</i> and one accepts the word of that source. If the source is reliable in this case, <i>p</i> is acceptable. The reliability of the source is a measure of its plausibility. If a source has the relevant competence, credibility, authority, that word is acceptable. Likewise, the word may be acceptable if accompanied by a cogent argument, but presumption may be misplaced. One may recognize a presumption for a statement when such recognition is not justified, the positive version of the fallacy. One may refuse to recognize a presumption for a statement when there really is a presumption for the statement, the negative version of the fallacy. The essay proceeds to explore various dimensions of when it is justified to take a source’s word for a claim, and when it is justified to reject a claim from a source. The discussion ranges over considerations of sexism and race, cultural differences, and the relationship of presumptions to fallacies. Also considered is the role of trust in taking someone’s word and the factors involved in trusting someone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-023-09611-y.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Argumentation","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10503-023-09611-y","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"COMMUNICATION","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

One takes one’s word that p when a source vouches for p and one accepts the word of that source. If the source is reliable in this case, p is acceptable. The reliability of the source is a measure of its plausibility. If a source has the relevant competence, credibility, authority, that word is acceptable. Likewise, the word may be acceptable if accompanied by a cogent argument, but presumption may be misplaced. One may recognize a presumption for a statement when such recognition is not justified, the positive version of the fallacy. One may refuse to recognize a presumption for a statement when there really is a presumption for the statement, the negative version of the fallacy. The essay proceeds to explore various dimensions of when it is justified to take a source’s word for a claim, and when it is justified to reject a claim from a source. The discussion ranges over considerations of sexism and race, cultural differences, and the relationship of presumptions to fallacies. Also considered is the role of trust in taking someone’s word and the factors involved in trusting someone.

查看原文本刊更多论文

错位推定的谬误

当一个来源为p担保时，一个人接受了这个来源的词。如果在这种情况下来源是可靠的，那么p是可以接受的。来源的可靠性是衡量其合理性的标准。如果消息来源具有相关的能力、可信度和权威性，那么这个词是可以接受的。同样，如果有一个令人信服的论点，这个词可能是可以接受的，但推定可能是错误的。当这种承认不合理时，人们可能会承认对一项声明的推定，这是谬论的积极版本。当一个陈述确实有一个推定，即谬论的否定版本时，人们可能会拒绝承认该陈述的推定。本文从多个方面探讨了何时有理由接受来源的说法，以及何时有理由拒绝来源的说法。讨论的范围包括性别歧视和种族、文化差异以及假设与谬误的关系。还考虑了信任在相信某人的话中的作用以及信任某人的因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Argumentation Multiple-

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

16.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Argumentation is an international and interdisciplinary journal. Its aim is to gather academic contributions from a wide range of scholarly backgrounds and approaches to reasoning, natural inference and persuasion: communication, rhetoric (classical and modern), linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, psychology, philosophy, logic (formal and informal), critical thinking, history and law. Its scope includes a diversity of interests, varying from philosophical, theoretical and analytical to empirical and practical topics. Argumentation publishes papers, book reviews, a yearly bibliography, and announcements of conferences and seminars.To be considered for publication in the journal, a paper must satisfy all of these criteria:1. Report research that is within the journals’ scope: concentrating on argumentation 2. Pose a clear and relevant research question 3. Make a contribution to the literature that connects with the state of the art in the field of argumentation theory 4. Be sound in methodology and analysis 5. Provide appropriate evidence and argumentation for the conclusions 6. Be presented in a clear and intelligible fashion in standard English