Successes and challenges in the sustainable cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi - furthering the dream.

IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY
Mycoscience Pub Date : 2021-01-20 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI:10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.007
Alexis Guerin-Laguette
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Abstract

The cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) has made great progress since the first cultivation of Tuber melanosporum in 1977 but remains in its infancy. Five cultivation steps are required: (1) mycorrhizal synthesis, (2) mycorrhiza development and acclimation, (3) out-planting of mycorrhizal seedlings, (4) onset of fructification, and (5) performing tree orchards. We provide examples of successes and challenges associated with each step, including fruiting of the prestigious chanterelles in Japan recently. We highlight the challenges in establishing performing tree orchards. We report on the monitoring of two orchards established between Lactarius deliciosus (saffron milk cap) and pines in New Zealand. Saffron milk caps yields reached 0.4 and 1100 kg/ha under Pinus radiata and P. sylvestris 6 and 9 y after planting, respectively. Canopy closure began under P. radiata 7 y after planting, followed by a drastic reduction of yields, while P. sylvestris yields still hovered at 690 to 780 kg/ha after 11 y, without canopy closure. The establishment of full-scale field trials to predict yields is crucial to making the cultivation of EMF a reality in tomorrow's cropping landscape. Sustainable EMF cultivation utilizing trees in non-forested land could contribute to carbon storage, while providing revenue and other ecosystem services.

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可持续栽培食用菌根真菌的成功与挑战--推进梦想。
自 1977 年首次栽培黑孢块根(Tuber melanosporum)以来,食用菌根真菌(EMF)的栽培取得了长足进步,但仍处于起步阶段。栽培需要五个步骤:(1) 菌根合成;(2) 菌根发育和适应;(3) 菌根幼苗外植;(4) 开始结果;(5) 进行果园栽培。我们举例说明了每个步骤的成功经验和面临的挑战,包括最近日本著名的鸡油菌结果。我们强调了在建立高效果园方面所面临的挑战。我们报告了对新西兰在 Lactarius deliciosus(藏红花奶盖)和松树之间建立的两个果园的监测情况。种植 6 年和 9 年后,红花乳菇的产量分别达到 0.4 千克/公顷和 1100 千克/公顷。种植 7 年后,P. radiata 的树冠开始闭合,随后产量急剧下降,而 P. sylvestris 的产量在 11 年后仍徘徊在 690 至 780 千克/公顷,树冠没有闭合。建立全面的田间试验来预测产量,对于在未来的种植环境中实现 EMF 的种植至关重要。利用非林地中的树木进行可持续的 EMF 种植,有助于碳储存,同时提供收入和其他生态系统服务。
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来源期刊
Mycoscience
Mycoscience MYCOLOGY-
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
7.10%
发文量
32
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Mycoscience is the official English-language journal of the Mycological Society of Japan and is issued bimonthly. Mycoscience publishes original research articles and reviews on various topics related to fungi including yeasts and other organisms that have traditionally been studied by mycologists. The research areas covered by Mycoscience extend from such purely scientific fields as systematics, evolution, phylogeny, morphology, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology, to agricultural, medical, and industrial applications. New and improved applications of well-established mycological techniques and methods are also covered.
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