How long have you exercised in your life? The effect of motor reserve and current physical activity on cognitive performance.

IF 2.6 4区 心理学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Veronica Pucci, Carolina Guerra, Amanda Barsi, Massimo Nucci, Sara Mondini
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Aging of the population encourages research on how to preserve cognition and quality of life. Many studies have shown that Physical Activity (PA) positively affects cognition in older adults. However, PA carried out throughout the individual's lifespan may also have an impact on cognition in old age. We hypothesize the existence of Motor Reserve (MR), a flexible and dynamic construct that increases over time and compensates for age-related motor and cognitive loss.

Methods: Two questionnaires were developed and validated to estimate MR (Physical Activity carried out throughout the individual's lifespan) and Current Physical Activity (CPA, PA carried out in the previous 12 months). They were administered to 75 healthy individuals over 50 to verify the relation with cognition. MR and CPA include physical exercise (i.e., structured activities to improve or maintain physical fitness) and incidental PA, which we consider as any movement that leads to a metabolic cost above baseline (e.g., housekeeping, walking). In addition, the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRI), a reliable predictor of cognitive performance, was used to measure each participant's Cognitive Reserve.

Results: The factors that most influenced performance are Age and Cognitive Reserve, but also MR and CPA together and MR when it is the only factor.

Conclusions: Cognitive variability in adult and elderly populations is explained by both MR and CPA. PA training could profitably be included in new preventive and existing interventions.

您一生中锻炼了多久?运动储备和当前体力活动对认知能力的影响
目标:人口老龄化促使人们研究如何保持认知能力和生活质量。许多研究表明,体育锻炼(PA)对老年人的认知能力有积极影响。然而,在人的一生中进行的体力活动也可能对老年认知能力产生影响。我们假设存在运动储备(MR),它是一种灵活的动态结构,会随着时间的推移而增加,并能补偿与年龄相关的运动和认知能力的丧失:方法:我们开发并验证了两份问卷,用于估算运动储备(MR)(个人一生中进行的体育锻炼)和当前体育锻炼(CPA,过去 12 个月中进行的体育锻炼)。对 75 名 50 岁以上的健康人进行了测试,以验证其与认知能力的关系。MR和CPA包括体育锻炼(即为提高或保持体能而进行的有组织活动)和偶然的体育锻炼,我们认为偶然的体育锻炼是指任何导致新陈代谢成本高于基线的运动(如做家务、散步)。此外,我们还使用认知储备指数问卷(CRI)来测量每位参与者的认知储备:结果:对认知表现影响最大的因素是年龄和认知储备,同时也包括 MR 和 CPA,而 MR 是唯一的影响因素:结论:成人和老年人群的认知变异可由 MR 和 CPA 共同解释。在新的预防性干预措施和现有干预措施中纳入 PA 训练是有好处的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
185
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society is the official journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, an organization of over 4,500 international members from a variety of disciplines. The Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society welcomes original, creative, high quality research papers covering all areas of neuropsychology. The focus of articles may be primarily experimental, applied, or clinical. Contributions will broadly reflect the interest of all areas of neuropsychology, including but not limited to: development of cognitive processes, brain-behavior relationships, adult and pediatric neuropsychology, neurobehavioral syndromes (such as aphasia or apraxia), and the interfaces of neuropsychology with related areas such as behavioral neurology, neuropsychiatry, genetics, and cognitive neuroscience. Papers that utilize behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological measures are appropriate. To assure maximum flexibility and to promote diverse mechanisms of scholarly communication, the following formats are available in addition to a Regular Research Article: Brief Communication is a shorter research article; Rapid Communication is intended for "fast breaking" new work that does not yet justify a full length article and is placed on a fast review track; Case Report is a theoretically important and unique case study; Critical Review and Short Review are thoughtful considerations of topics of importance to neuropsychology and include meta-analyses; Dialogue provides a forum for publishing two distinct positions on controversial issues in a point-counterpoint format; Special Issue and Special Section consist of several articles linked thematically; Letter to the Editor responds to recent articles published in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society; and Book Review, which is considered but is no longer solicited.
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