Role of nutrition in human performance in military populations.

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Jonathan M Scott, P A Deuster
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Abstract

The role of nutrition and performance is well established. Service members' physical and cognitive performance, sleep and mood are impacted by nutritional choices. Although many eating patterns have emerged, consensus among experts recommend a dietary pattern focused on predominantly whole plant-based foods. Adequate intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, legumes, nuts and seeds should be prioritised. Implementation of strategic and intentional fuelling strategies around times of activity maintain adequate energy stores, enhance recovery and protect against training injuries. Carbohydrates are prioritised before, during and after activity or a mission, although the type and amount will vary based on duration and intensity of activity. Protein is generally the focus after activity or a mission and may be included before activity depending on individual tolerance. There are no specific recommendations for fat consumption before, during and after exercise that will improve performance. That said, Service members generally tolerate low-fat meals/snacks prior to exercise, limit fat intake during exercise, may include fat as part of the post exercise meal/snack, and generally consume most fat during the maintenance and growth phase. Careful consideration and planning for food and fluid requirements should be made when Service members are exposed to heat, cold and/or altitude. Operational rations are formulated to meet the nutritional needs of all Service members across a variety of diverse climates, environments and altitudes. Service members may use dietary supplements to improve their performance and need to be aware of available resources to help them make informed decisions.

营养对军事人员表现的作用。
营养和工作表现的作用已得到公认。军人的体能和认知能力、睡眠和情绪都会受到营养选择的影响。尽管已经出现了许多饮食模式,但专家们一致建议以全植物性食物为主的饮食模式。应优先摄入充足的水果、蔬菜、全谷物、豆类、豆类、坚果和种子。在活动前后实施有策略、有目的的补充燃料策略,以保持充足的能量储备,促进恢复并防止训练受伤。碳水化合物在活动前、活动中和活动后或执行任务时都是优先考虑的,但种类和数量会根据活动时间和强度而有所不同。蛋白质通常是活动或任务后的重点,也可根据个人的耐受性在活动前摄入。对于运动前、运动中和运动后如何摄入脂肪以提高运动表现,目前还没有具体的建议。尽管如此,军人在运动前一般都能耐受低脂餐/点心,在运动中限制脂肪摄入,可在运动后的餐/点心中加入脂肪,一般在维持和生长阶段摄入的脂肪最多。当军人暴露在高温、寒冷和/或高海拔环境中时,应仔细考虑和规划食物和液体需求。作战口粮的配方可满足所有军人在不同气候、环境和海拔条件下的营养需求。服役人员可能会使用膳食补充剂来改善其表现,因此需要了解可用的资源,以帮助他们做出明智的决定。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Bmj Military Health
Bmj Military Health MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
20.00%
发文量
116
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