{"title":"Aggravation of cognitive impairments in the valproic acid-induced animal model of autism in BALB/c mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"Saeed Sheikhshoaee, Farahnaz Taheri, Khadijeh Esmaeilpour, Nima Firouzeh, Saeid Reza Nourollahi Fard","doi":"10.1002/jdn.10308","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Purpose</h3>\n \n <p>Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by infection with a type of coccidial protozoan parasite called <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. The relationship between toxoplasmosis and cognitive disorders in neurodegenerative diseases has been proven. There is also evidence that children born to Toxoplasma-infected mothers are more likely to develop autism.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>In the present study, <i>Toxoplasma</i>-infected pregnant BALB/c mice were given valproic acid to induce autism in their male offspring, and their social behaviors, learning, and memory were examined. Chronic toxoplasmosis was established in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of cyst form of <i>T. gondii</i>. To induce autism, 600 mg/kg of valproic acid was injected intraperitoneally into mice on the 12.5th day of pregnancy. The behavioral experiments, such as social interaction, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tasks, were performed on male offspring at 50 days.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p><i>Toxoplasma</i> and valproic acid during the embryonic period caused social communication deficits and disrupted recognition memory and avoidance memory in offspring. Our findings showed that administering valproic acid to Toxoplasma-infected mothers exacerbates cognitive disorders in their offspring.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","volume":"84 1","pages":"64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jdn.10308","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by infection with a type of coccidial protozoan parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. The relationship between toxoplasmosis and cognitive disorders in neurodegenerative diseases has been proven. There is also evidence that children born to Toxoplasma-infected mothers are more likely to develop autism.
Methods
In the present study, Toxoplasma-infected pregnant BALB/c mice were given valproic acid to induce autism in their male offspring, and their social behaviors, learning, and memory were examined. Chronic toxoplasmosis was established in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of cyst form of T. gondii. To induce autism, 600 mg/kg of valproic acid was injected intraperitoneally into mice on the 12.5th day of pregnancy. The behavioral experiments, such as social interaction, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tasks, were performed on male offspring at 50 days.
Results
Toxoplasma and valproic acid during the embryonic period caused social communication deficits and disrupted recognition memory and avoidance memory in offspring. Our findings showed that administering valproic acid to Toxoplasma-infected mothers exacerbates cognitive disorders in their offspring.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience publishes original research articles and critical review papers on all fundamental and clinical aspects of nervous system development, renewal and regeneration, as well as on the effects of genetic and environmental perturbations of brain development and homeostasis leading to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological conditions. Studies describing the involvement of stem cells in nervous system maintenance and disease (including brain tumours), stem cell-based approaches for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases, roles of neuroinflammation in development and disease, and neuroevolution are also encouraged. Investigations using molecular, cellular, physiological, genetic and epigenetic approaches in model systems ranging from simple invertebrates to human iPSC-based 2D and 3D models are encouraged, as are studies using experimental models that provide behavioural or evolutionary insights. The journal also publishes Special Issues dealing with topics at the cutting edge of research edited by Guest Editors appointed by the Editor in Chief. A major aim of the journal is to facilitate the transfer of fundamental studies of nervous system development, maintenance, and disease to clinical applications. The journal thus intends to disseminate valuable information for both biologists and physicians. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience is owned and supported by The International Society for Developmental Neuroscience (ISDN), an organization of scientists interested in advancing developmental neuroscience research in the broadest sense.
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