Dividend hibernation and future earnings: When no dividend news is good news

Abstract

Firms frequently enter dividend hibernation, periods during which dividends remain unchanged for consecutive quarters. We employ a dividend event framework to show that, compared to non-hibernating firms, hibernators experience higher unexpected future earnings growth for up to five years by reducing underinvestment. We construct an index of adverse selection measures and find that hibernating firms are more opaque, indicating that the information gap between insiders and outsiders widens when there is no change in dividends. Extended hibernation episodes increase the opaqueness, while dividend changes after prolonged periods of fixed dividends reduce the information gap more promptly.