Disparity between adolescents' health information needs and the information received in a middle-income country.

Abstract

Aim: This study sought to identify adolescents' health information sources and determine the gap between what adolescents want to hear and what they actually hear from their healthcare providers (HCPs), a proxy for unmet health needs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four high schools conveniently selected in Jamaica to ensure adequate representation in rural and urban locales. Adolescents 11-19 years old with relevant assent/consent completed a paper-based self-administered questionnaire. Questions were adapted from the Young Adult Health Care Survey to determine proportion of adolescents receiving confidential care, the level of counselling offered and difference between location and unmet needs.

Results: Adolescents acknowledged multiple sources of information, with urban adolescents reporting television, radio and parents as sources more frequently than in rural setting (p < 0.05). They most commonly wanted to discuss weight management (n = 308, 64.2%), nutrition (n = 418, 87.1%), exercise (n = 361, 75.2%); and emotions they are experiencing (n = 246, 51.3%). Unmet needs differed by location; more rural than urban adolescents found that their desire to discuss school performance (p < 0.05) and sexual orientation (p < 0.05) was unmet, while more urban youth felt their need for discussions about STIs was unmet (p < 0.05), when compared to their rural counterparts.

Conclusion: This study highlights that while there is some access to health information in Jamaica, especially via television, radio and internet, the needs of the adolescent population remain unmet. HCPs need to employ a patient-centred approach where confidentiality is established and screening is done for unmet needs in an effort to optimize health outcomes.