Lying low-chromatin insulation in persistent DNA virus infection

IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY
Christy S Varghese, Joanna L Parish, Jack Ferguson
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Persistent virus infections are achieved when the intricate balance of virus replication, host-cell division and successful immune evasion is met. The genomes of persistent DNA viruses are either maintained as extrachromosomal episomes or can integrate into the host genome. Common to both these strategies of persistence is the chromatinisation of viral DNA by cellular histones which, like host DNA, are subject to epigenetic modification. Epigenetic repression of viral genes required for lytic replication occurs, while genes required for latent or persistent infection are maintained in an active chromatin state. Viruses utilise host-cell chromatin insulators, which function to maintain epigenetic boundaries and enforce this strict transcriptional programme. Here, we review insulator protein function in virus transcription control, focussing on CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and cofactors. We describe CTCF-dependent activities in virus transcription regulation through epigenetic and promoter–enhancer insulation, three-dimensional chromatin looping and manipulation of transcript splicing.

持续性DNA病毒感染中的低染色质绝缘
当病毒复制、宿主细胞分裂和成功的免疫逃避达到复杂的平衡时,才能实现持续的病毒感染。持久性DNA病毒的基因组要么作为染色体外片段维持,要么可以整合到宿主基因组中。这两种持久性策略的共同之处是细胞组蛋白对病毒DNA的染色质化,与宿主DNA一样,细胞组蛋白也会受到表观遗传修饰。裂解复制所需的病毒基因发生表观遗传抑制,而潜伏或持续感染所需的基因维持在活性染色质状态。病毒利用宿主细胞染色质绝缘体,其功能是维持表观遗传边界并执行这种严格的转录程序。本文综述了绝缘子蛋白在病毒转录控制中的功能,重点介绍了ccctc结合因子(CTCF)和辅助因子。我们通过表观遗传和启动子-增强子绝缘、三维染色质环和转录剪接操作描述了病毒转录调控中ctcf依赖的活性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
5.10%
发文量
76
审稿时长
83 days
期刊介绍: Current Opinion in Virology (COVIRO) is a systematic review journal that aims to provide specialists with a unique and educational platform to keep up to date with the expanding volume of information published in the field of virology. It publishes 6 issues per year covering the following 11 sections, each of which is reviewed once a year: Emerging viruses: interspecies transmission; Viral immunology; Viral pathogenesis; Preventive and therapeutic vaccines; Antiviral strategies; Virus structure and expression; Animal models for viral diseases; Engineering for viral resistance; Viruses and cancer; Virus vector interactions. There is also a section that changes every year to reflect hot topics in the field.
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