Objective markers of allergic inflammation

Abstract

Introduction: According to the results of modern research, allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 10% to 40% of the population. There is a need for an effective objective and dynamic method of assessing the quality of treatment of such patients. Purpose: to assess the relationship between the level of eosinophil cationic protein (ECB), VAS indicators, nasocytogram, Phadiatop inhalation allergy screening and disease activity in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods and materials: Two research groups were created. The main group – 48 patients with allergic rhinitis in a state of exacerbation, the control group – 41 people with chronic rhinitis without manifestations of allergies and the absence of allergic rhinitis in the anamnesis. In both groups, the level of eosinophil cationic protein, the level of blood eosinophils, a nasocytogram was performed, the Phadiatop inhalation allergy screening was determined, and the patients noted their condition according to the VAS. Patients from the 1st study group formed a self-control group, which was examined after treatment for 2 weeks. Results: Indicators of the level of eosinophil cationic protein, the level of eosinophils in the blood and nasal mucosa, the Phadiatop inhalation allergy screening index in patients of the main group are statistically significantly higher compared to the indicators of patients in the control group. Patients of the main group were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup included patients with a mild form of allergy and a VAS score of less than 5 points. They received treatment with topical corticosteroid mometasone furoate. The second subgroup included patients with moderate and severe allergic rhinitis and a VAS score of more than 5 points. They received treatment with topical corticosteroid mometasone furoate in combination with a blocker of H1-histamine receptors of cetirizine hydrochloride. The evaluation of indicators after 2 weeks of treatment revealed the presence of a strong positive correlation (0.796) of the dynamics of eosinophil cationic protein and VAS, an average positive correlation (0.518) of the dynamics of blood eosinophils and VAS, an average positive correlation (0.641 ) indicators of the dynamics of the percentage of eosinophils among inflammatory cells according to the nasocytogram and VAS, the Phadiatop inhalation allergy screening indicator does not change much. Conclusions: Patients' assessment of their condition according to VAS before and after treatment for two weeks has the highest correlation with the eosinophil cationic protein index and medium correlation with the level of eosinophils in the blood and in the nasal mucosa according to nasocytogram data. The Phadiatop Inhalation Allergy Screening Rate does not change much. The degree of increase or decrease in the level of eosinophil cationic protein makes it possible to assess with high accuracy the severity of an exacerbation of allergic rhinitis and monitor the effectiveness of patient treatment. It reflects disease activity and can be useful as a marker of allergic inflammation.