Transnational Terrorism Revisited: Is Boko Haram an al-Qaeda Affiliate?

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Nigeria has been facing a violent uprising by Boko Haram since 2009. In terms of nature and organization, the sect is more sophisticated and deadlier than any previous radical Muslim group in Nigeria. Hence the question, is Boko Haram a home-grown movement or is it an al-Qaeda affiliate? The answer to this question has produced two contrasting positions among scholars. By carefully considering the evidence marshalled by each side, the article argues that Boko Haram was initially a home-grown movement. However, as its conflict with the Nigerian state intensified, its linkage with AQIM, al Shabab, and other al-Qaeda affiliates also deepened. There is mounting evidence that it has received foreign funding, weapons, training, and logistical support, which can no longer be overlooked.