The Productivity Elements, Chemical Composition and Energetical Value (Caloric) of Some Maize Hybrids in Ialomita County Conditions

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study and to analyze the chemical composition and energetical value (caloric) of 8 maize hybrids (Fundulea 376, Olt, Bărăgan, P0216, PR35T36, PR35P12, Feria and Rapsodia) tested under field conditions in a farm from, Rovine village, Ialomita County, under non-irrigated conditions, on 2016-2017. For all hybrids the same cultivation technology was applied. Sowing was carried out between April 20-27, for both years, with a density of 50,000 germinable grains/ha and in September were harvested. The analysis of the productivity elements showed that: the average length of cobs was between 20 to 23 cm; number of rows/cobs ranged from 14 to 18; the number of grains/cobs oscillated between 704 grains/cobs at Baragan hybrid, up to 890 grains/cobs at PR35T36; the Thousand Grain Weight (TGW) recorded values of over 300 grams for tree hybrids PR35T36, P0216, PR35P12; the density of plants at harvesting, main factor for yields grains, oscilated from 42,650 plants/ha in 2016 for Olt hybrid to 49.000 plants/ha at P0216 hybrid in 2017; the grains yields was of 8.4 t/ha at Baragan hybrid and 13.9 t/ha at PR35T36 hybrid. Regarding quality indicators of yields resulted: the hectolitre mass averaged 72.7 kg/hl with variation limits of 70.3 kg/hl and 76.8 kg/hl and the moisture varied between 11.90% and 14.50%. Chemical composition is followed: 10.70-12.70% proteins; 3.7-4.3% lipids; 70.00 - 70.70% glucids. Based on these results , it has been calculated the energy values (caloric). This oscillated between 369.3 kcal./100 grams of Rapsody hybrid and 388.38 kcal. of P0216 hybrid. It can be noticed that the year 2017 was a very favorable year for maize crops in the analyzed area, which led to better results for all the productivity elements, grains yields and chemical compozition for all 8 tested hybrids. Also, we can observed the higher energy value on 2017 by comparison with 2016.