Organic matters and acid‐sulfate alteration in Itomuka mercury mine, Hokkaido, Japan: Implications for the transportation and deposition mechanisms of Hg

IF 1.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY
Resource Geology Pub Date : 2019-12-17 DOI:10.1111/rge.12225
T. Echigo, M. Kimata, M. Shimizu
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Abstract

In order to examine the transportation and deposition mechanisms of Hg, we investigated the ore and hydrothermal alteration minerals and solid organic matters from Itomuka mercury mine located in the eastern part of central Hokkaido. In addition to the ore minerals, native mercury and cinnabar, quartz, marcasite, alunite, kaolinite, and minor amounts of pyrite and smectite were identified in the Hg ore by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. This mineral assemblage of acid sulfate alteration was likely developed under the conditions of low temperature (≤100°C) and low pH (≤2) in the steam‐heated environment. The H2SO4 was produced above the water table by the oxidation of H2S separated from deep, near‐neutral fluids by boiling. The dominance of native mercury over cinnabar in Hg ore indicates that the greater part of mineralized Hg was transported as Hg0 in aqueous solution and vapor with low sulfur fugacity. The solid organic matters found in the Hg ore were analyzed with SEM‐EDS, micro‐XRD, and micro‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and these results suggest that the organic matters contributed to keeping the low fO2 of the Hg‐bearing fluid and transportation of Hg as Hg0 in S‐poor condition. Because the solubility of Hg in acidic fluid is low, neutral to alkaline fluid seems to have leached Hg from the basement sedimentary rocks of Hidaka Group which also supplied the organic matters to the fluid. The oxidation and cooling of Hg‐bearing solution and vapor triggered the deposition of liquid Hg as a primary phase.
北海道Itomuka汞矿有机质和酸硫酸盐蚀变:对汞运移和沉积机制的影响
为探讨汞的运移和沉积机制,对北海道中部东部Itomuka汞矿的矿石、热液蚀变矿物和固体有机质进行了研究。通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)分析,除矿石矿物外,还发现了天然汞、朱砂、石英、马氏石、明矾石、高岭石以及少量黄铁矿和蒙脱石。这种酸性硫酸盐蚀变矿物组合可能是在蒸汽加热环境下的低温(≤100℃)和低pH(≤2)条件下形成的。H2SO4是由从深层近中性流体中分离出来的H2S通过沸腾氧化而产生的。汞矿石中原生汞的含量明显高于朱砂,说明大部分矿化汞以Hg0形式在水溶液和蒸气中运移,硫逸度较低。利用SEM - EDS、micro - XRD和FTIR对汞矿石中的固体有机质进行了分析,结果表明,汞矿石中的固体有机质有助于保持含汞流体的低fO2,并在S -差条件下以h0的形式运移汞。由于汞在酸性流体中的溶解度较低,中性-碱性流体似乎从基底沉积岩中浸出了汞,并为流体提供了有机质。含汞溶液和蒸汽的氧化和冷却触发了液态汞作为初级相的沉积。
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来源期刊
Resource Geology
Resource Geology 地学-地质学
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
14.30%
发文量
18
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Resource Geology is an international journal focusing on economic geology, geochemistry and environmental geology. Its purpose is to contribute to the promotion of earth sciences related to metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits mainly in Asia, Oceania and the Circum-Pacific region, although other parts of the world are also considered. Launched in 1998 by the Society for Resource Geology, the journal is published quarterly in English, making it more accessible to the international geological community. The journal publishes high quality papers of interest to those engaged in research and exploration of mineral deposits.
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