Changes in sugar, salt, and fat intake among obese adults: cohort study

Erfin Shabrina, D. Briawan, I. Ekayanti, Woro Riyadina
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Perubahan asupan gula, garam, dan lemak pada orang dewasa dengan kasus obesitas baru belum diteliti di Indonesia.</em></p><p><strong><em>Tujuan: </em></strong><em>Menganalisis pola </em><em>asupan</em><em> dan besaran perubahan </em><em>asupan</em><em> gula, garam, lemak pada orang dewasa obese selama dua tahun pemantaua</em><em>n. </em></p><p><strong><em>Metode: </em></strong><em>Desain pada penelitian ini yaitu studi longitudinal dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Studi Kohor Faktor Resiko Penyakit Tidak Menular oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu penyandang obesitas baru sebesar 138 subjek. Nilai cut-off obesitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu IMT ≥25.00 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Asupan gula, garam, dan lemak diperoleh dari food recall 1x24 jam dan FFQ. Pola asupan gula, garam, dan lemak dikategorikan menjadi meningkat atau menurun berdasarkan perbandingan asupan pada akhir penelitian dengan asupan GGL di T2 (tertile sedang) pada awal penelitian. Besar perubahan asupan gula, garam, dan lemak adalah selisih asupan gula, garam, dan lemak subjek penelitian di dua tahun pengamatan.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Hasil: </em></strong><em>Mayoritas penyadang obesitas yaitu perempuan dengan rentang usia 35-44 tahun dan mempunyai kadar LDL yang tergolong tinggi. Adanya perubahan pada asupan gula, garam, dan lemak pada penyandang obesitas yang meningkat secara signifikan khususnya pada gula, dan lemak. Besar perubahan asupan gula, garam, dan lemak pada orang dewasa obese sebesar 10.5 g (p<0.05), 0.02 g (p>0.05), dan 10.7 g (p<0.05) selama dua tahun. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Asupan gula, garam, dan lemak yang berlebih merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas dan penyakit tidak menular. Perubahan asupan gula, garam, dan lemak pada orang dewasa dengan kasus obesitas baru belum diteliti di Indonesia.

Tujuan: Menganalisis pola asupan dan besaran perubahan asupan gula, garam, lemak pada orang dewasa obese selama dua tahun pemantauan.

Metode: Desain pada penelitian ini yaitu studi longitudinal dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Studi Kohor Faktor Resiko Penyakit Tidak Menular oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu penyandang obesitas baru sebesar 138 subjek. Nilai cut-off obesitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu IMT ≥25.00 kg/m2. Asupan gula, garam, dan lemak diperoleh dari food recall 1x24 jam dan FFQ. Pola asupan gula, garam, dan lemak dikategorikan menjadi meningkat atau menurun berdasarkan perbandingan asupan pada akhir penelitian dengan asupan GGL di T2 (tertile sedang) pada awal penelitian. Besar perubahan asupan gula, garam, dan lemak adalah selisih asupan gula, garam, dan lemak subjek penelitian di dua tahun pengamatan.

Hasil: Mayoritas penyadang obesitas yaitu perempuan dengan rentang usia 35-44 tahun dan mempunyai kadar LDL yang tergolong tinggi. Adanya perubahan pada asupan gula, garam, dan lemak pada penyandang obesitas yang meningkat secara signifikan khususnya pada gula, dan lemak. Besar perubahan asupan gula, garam, dan lemak pada orang dewasa obese sebesar 10.5 g (p<0.05), 0.02 g (p>0.05), dan 10.7 g (p<0.05) selama dua tahun. Asupan pangan sumber gula, garam lemak seperti kue manis, minuman berpemanis, dan minuman sachet dengan penambahan gula, makanan kaleng, kecap, dan gorengan serta daging juga meningkat selama dua tahun pemantauan.

Kesimpulan: Asupan gula, garam, dan lemak pada orang dewasa yang obesitas cenderung meningkat, dan kemungkinan besar dapat meningkatkan prevalensi obesitas dan penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia.

 

KATA KUNCI: dewasa; asupan gula-garam-lemak; obesitas; perubahan asupan; studi longitudinal


ABSTRACT

Background: Excessive intake of sugar, salt, and fat (SSF) is a risk factor for obesity and non-communicable diseases. Changes in sugar, salt, and fat intake in adults with new obesity cases have not been studied in Indonesia.

Objective: To analyze dietary trajectories and sugar, salt, and fat intake changes in obese adults.

Methods: The design of this study was a longitudinal study using secondary data from the Study on Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The subjects in this study were 138 subjects with obesity. The obesity cut-off value used in the study was BMI 25.00 kg/m2. Sugar, salt, and fat intake were obtained from food recall 1x24 hours and FFQ. The dietary trajectories of sugar, salt, and fat intake were categorized as increasing or decreasing based on the comparison of intake at the end of the study with the intake of SSF at T2 (medium tertile) at the beginning of the study. The change in the intake of sugar, salt, and fat was the difference in the subjects' intake of sugar, salt, and fat in the two years of observation.

Results: The majority of obese adults were women aged 35-44 years and had high LDL levels. There was a change in the intake of sugar, salt, and fat, which increased significantly, especially sugar and fat. Changes in sugar, salt, and fat intake in obese adults were 10.5 g (p<0.05), 0.02 g (p>0.05), and 10.7 g (p<0.05) for two years. Intake of food sources of sugar, salt, and fat such as sweet food, sugar-sweetened drinks, instant powder drink with added sugar, canned food, soy sauce, fried foods, and meat also increased during the two years of monitoring.

Conclusion: The intake of sugar, salt, and fat in obese adults tend to increase and is likely to increase the prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases in Indonesia.

 

KEYWORDS: adult; sugar-salt-fat intake; obesity; dietary behaviour changes; longitudinal study

肥胖成人糖、盐和脂肪摄入量的变化:队列研究
抽象的背景:糖、盐和多余的脂肪摄入是肥胖和非传染性疾病风险的一个因素。糖、盐和脂肪在成人中的摄入量发生了变化,肥胖案件在印尼还没有得到研究。目标:分析食糖、盐和脂肪在两年内的监督下的摄入量和摄入量的变化。方法:本研究的设计是longitudinal研究,利用联合研究的次要数据,消除印度尼西亚共和国卫生部传染病风险。本研究的题目为138名新肥胖患者。研究中使用的界限值肥胖就是体重指数≥25点kg / m2。糖、盐和脂肪的摄入量来自食物召回1x24小时和FFQ。糖、盐和脂肪的摄入模式根据研究结束时对T2(中智利)GGL摄入的比较而分类为增加或减少。糖、盐和脂肪的主要变化是糖、盐和脂肪在两年内进行的研究对象之间的差异。结果:大多数肥胖诱发者是35-44岁、高密度LDL的女性。糖、盐和肥胖人群的饮食发生了变化,特别是糖和脂肪的显著增加。肥胖成年人的糖、盐和脂肪摄入量的巨大变化为10.5克(p0.05), 10.7克(结论:肥胖成年人的糖、盐和脂肪摄入量趋于增加,可能会增加肥胖和非传染性疾病的流行。关键词:成人;gula-garam-lemak摄入;肥胖;摄入量的变化;longitudinalabstractground的研究:肥胖、盐和胖(SSF)是肥胖和非通信疾病的风险因素。糖、盐和因新肥胖而肥胖的成人在印尼没有成长。目标:分析导轨和糖、盐和肥胖改变饮食。方法:这项研究的设计是一项广泛的研究,使用来自印尼共和国健康部非通信疾病研究的证据。这项研究的题目是138名肥胖受试者。肥胖在研究中花费的比率是每小时25公斤。糖、盐和脂肪来自食品召回1x24小时和FFQ。糖、盐和肥的二分法都以增加或减少为基础,以研究结束时的排泄物为基础。糖、盐和脂肪内部的变化是糖、盐和两年来观察到的主体的变化。结果:肥胖阿尤多斯的主要女性年龄为35-44岁,高龄。糖、盐和脂肪的摄入量发生了变化,特别是糖和脂肪。糖、盐和肥胖在节制中的变化是10。5克(p0.05), 10。7克(pConclusion:糖的摄入量:盐和脂肪的含量增加,这很可能增加肥胖和非通讯疾病的普遍存在。安装:成人;sugar-salt-fat进气;obesity;正义的改变;纵向研究
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