Plasma Kynurenine: A Promising Marker for the Assessment of Renal Functions

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide issue due to the high prevalence and the serious complications, including death. Kidney functions are routinely evaluated by measuring creatinine levels, which are influenced by many factors (age, sex, diet, race, and body mass). Kynurenine is the first stable metabolite in the kynurenine pathway, which is activated in the course of CKD. Kynurenine levels in plasma can be correlated to kidney functions in CKD patients. We investigated the relationship between kynurenine levels and kidney functions indicators, and the influence of some variables (sex, age, and preexisting hypertension or diabetes) on its levels in CKD patients. Material And Methods: The study included 66 CKD patients in stages 3 to 5 seen at Tishreen University Hospital, and 22 subjects served as control. Kynurenine levels were measured by using a kynurenine ELISA kit (IDK® immundiagnostik). Results: Kynurenine levels were significantly increased with the increase in CKD stage (P < .001), and were correlated with eGFR (r = −.631, P < .001), creatinine levels (r = −.464, P < .001), and urea levels (r = .528, P < .001). Kynurenine plasma levels were not influenced by age, sex, diabetes, and hypertension in CKD patients. Conclusion: Kynurenine is a promising marker for estimating kidney functions, and its relation with kidney functions is not affected by age, sex, and presence of hypertension or diabetes in CKD patients.