Immunomodulatory effect of Mesenchymal stem cells: A blessing to combat cytokine storm appeared during COVID-19 infection

K. Mishra, Urvi Panwar
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Abstract

Whilst the manufacture of a safe and potent vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is the ultimate goal of the COVID-19 response, research is also in progress to develop novel treatments that could facilitate infected patients in the meantime. Casualty in COVID-19 patients are connected with onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to its cytokine storm phenomenon resulting in abandoned systemic inflammatory response from the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL-10) and cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-α, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-8, IL-33). This implies immune system is not capable to turn itself off once it has generated enough of a defense against the virus. An extended cytokine storm will finally shut down breathing completely, which may lead to death. In the context of COVID19, there is a likelihood possibility of treatment of patients by transplanting Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). MSCs are known to have an immune-regulatory role and MSCs have used in patients that have been affected by the cytokine storm may fine balance the immune system in order to stop the overreaction, without switching it completely off, so that the immune system can carry on to fight the infection. In this review, we have considered the research studies which have used MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19. The cohort study is needed to approve MSCs as therapy, although many clinical trials have been registered to apply MSCs as therapy for severely affected COVID-19 patients.
间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用:抗击COVID-19感染期间出现的细胞因子风暴的福音
虽然制造一种安全有效的SARS-CoV-2疫苗是COVID-19应对措施的最终目标,但与此同时,开发可能有助于感染患者的新型治疗方法的研究也在进行中。COVID-19患者伤亡与急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)发病有关,其细胞因子风暴现象导致促炎趋化因子(CCL2、CCL3、CCL5、CXCL8、CXCL9、CXCL-10)和细胞因子(TNF-α、TGF-β、IFN-α、IFNγ、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12、IL-8、IL-33)的释放导致全身性炎症反应放弃。这意味着一旦免疫系统产生了足够的防御病毒的能力,它就不能自我关闭。长时间的细胞因子风暴最终会完全停止呼吸,这可能导致死亡。在新冠肺炎疫情背景下,有可能通过移植间充质干细胞(MSCs)治疗患者。众所周知,间充质干细胞具有免疫调节作用,在受细胞因子风暴影响的患者中使用间充质干细胞可以很好地平衡免疫系统,以阻止过度反应,而不会完全关闭它,这样免疫系统就可以继续对抗感染。在这篇综述中,我们考虑了使用MSCs治疗COVID-19的研究。尽管许多临床试验已经注册将MSCs作为COVID-19严重感染患者的治疗方法,但仍需要队列研究来批准MSCs作为治疗方法。
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