Investigating Solid Waste Management in the Bolgatanga Municipality of the Upper East Region, Ghana

S. Ampofo, E. Kumi, B. Ampadu
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

Management of domestic solid waste is one of the challenges facing many metropolitan municipal and district Assemblies in Ghana because uncollected and improperly disposed waste results in the clogging of most public areas, streets, and gutters and has a grave implications on health. In the Bolgatanga municipality, as a result of increasing urban population, a high consumption and disposal lifestyle that has no need for reuse, negative attitude by individuals and households in the handling of waste and the inadequate financial and logistical requirements on the part of the local authorities to combat this menace has had a negative impact on waste management in the municipality. This research conducts a social survey in five (5) major settlements in the municipality namely; Bolgatanga town, Zuarungu, Yikene, Sumburungu and Tindonsobligo to ascertain attitudes in waste management, perceptions on the value and reuse of waste and the management of waste at the household and local levels. Also we determined the rates and trend in increase of population and waste levels for the municipality at a four (4) year interval for the years; 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, and 2009 and measure the strength of association using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that the most predominant waste disposal is the communal disposal at sites normally not approved in the peri-urban communities. This is followed by the door-to-door services which was prevalent in the urban residential areas. Despite the dominant nature of communal skips and door-to-door services mostly in the Bolgatanga community, inhabitants still practice improper disposal from disposal in nearby bush to open dumps due to lack of enforcement of regulatory policies and programmes irrespective of income levels. These problems are compounded by inadequate proper storage receptacles, unavailability of community storage receptacles and the long distance of travel for disposal of household waste which discourages dumping at common and approved sites. For the period under consideration (1993-2009), the population for the municipality increased from 188,690 to 295,333 representing an increase of 36%, while waste generated increased from 46,015 to 101, 823 tons, an increase by 55% which results in an average per capita waste generation (kg/person/daily) of 0.70 kilogrammes for the period under consideration. The Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) between population and waste generated in the municipality revealed a high and a strong association of 0.88 which confirms the distribution of communal skips by the municipal assembly with concentration in high population urban zones within the Bolgatanga town.
调查加纳上东部地区博尔加坦加市的固体废物管理
家庭固体废物的管理是加纳许多城市和地区议会面临的挑战之一,因为未收集和处置不当的废物导致大多数公共区域、街道和排水沟堵塞,并对健康产生严重影响。在博尔加坦加市,由于城市人口增加,不需要重复使用的高消费和处置生活方式、个人和家庭在处理废物方面的消极态度以及地方当局在打击这一威胁方面的财政和后勤需求不足,对该市的废物管理产生了不利影响。本研究在北京市五(5)个主要住区进行了社会调查,即;Bolgatanga镇、Zuarungu、Yikene、Sumburungu和Tindonsobligo,以确定对废物管理的态度、对废物的价值和再利用的看法以及家庭和地方一级的废物管理。此外,我们还确定了该城市人口和垃圾水平的增长率和趋势,每隔4年;1993年、1997年、2001年、2005年和2009年,并使用皮尔逊积矩相关系数测量关联强度。研究表明,最主要的废物处置是在城郊社区通常未经批准的地点进行公共处置。其次是在城市居民区普遍存在的上门服务。尽管大部分在Bolgatanga社区,公共弃置和上门服务占主导地位,但由于缺乏监管政策和计划的执行,无论收入水平如何,居民仍然采取不适当的处置方式,从附近的灌木丛中处置到露天垃圾场。由于适当的贮物器不足、没有社区贮物器,以及处理家庭废物需要长途跋涉,致使人们不愿在公共和核准的地点倾倒废物,使这些问题更加严重。在本报告所述期间(1993-2009年),该市人口从188,690人增加到295,333人,增加了36%,而产生的废物从46,015吨增加到101,823吨,增加了55%,导致本报告所述期间人均废物产生量(公斤/人/日)为0.70公斤。人口与城市产生的废物之间的皮尔逊积矩相关系数(r)显示出0.88的高且强关联,这证实了市政议会的公共跳跃分布集中在Bolgatanga镇的高人口城区。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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