Health benefits of probiotics for the elderly: a review

Abstract

Age-related changes in the gut microflora appear to involve a reduction in numbers of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and an increase in numbers of potentially harmful species. Such changes are generally perceived as unhealthy, and have been linked to increased frailty, gastrointestinal disorders and infections. This has prompted investigations into probiotic benefits for this age group. This paper reviews probiotics in general, with particular focus on the latest research relevant to elderly people, e.g. trials examining functional bowel problems (constipation and irritable bowel syndrome), stimulation of the immune system and improved resistance to winter infections, norovirus, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile. A growing body of research indicates that certain probiotics may help to maintain the health of elderly people, suggesting both health and cost-saving benefits in offering fermented dairy products to patients or residents in hospital wards, as well as nursing and care homes.