Early Deportations of Jews in Occupied Poland (October 1939–June 1940): The German and the Soviet Cases

IF 0.4 3区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI:10.1093/hgs/dcac026

A. Pulvermacher

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT:After the division of Poland in September 1939 following the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, deportations of Polish citizens were part of the Nazis' plan to "Germanize" western and northern Poland, though the Jewish dimension of these events has hardly been investigated. Beyond the organized deportations by the German Security Police, there were local initiatives to expel Jews to the Soviet Zone of partitioned Poland. In the Soviet-occupied Polish territories, many Jews were deported in 1940 to remote areas of the USSR either as "unreliable" or "class alien elements," or because of their refusal to accept Soviet citizenship. While the brutal Soviet policies unintendedly saved the majority of deported Jews from German extermination, the German deportations were the precursors to total mass murder. This article describes and compares the deportations on both sides, reconstructs the German transports, and concludes that the USSR's deportations were part of its ongoing war against political opponents and "alien elements," whereas the Germans' were stepping stones on Karl A. Schleunes's "twisted road to Auschwitz."

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被占领波兰早期犹太人的驱逐(1939年10月- 1940年6月):德国和苏联案例

摘要:1939年9月，根据《苏德互不侵犯条约》，波兰分裂后，驱逐波兰公民是纳粹“德国化”波兰西部和北部计划的一部分，尽管这些事件的犹太人层面几乎没有被调查过。除了德国安全警察有组织的驱逐之外，当地也有将犹太人驱逐到被瓜分的波兰苏区的倡议。在苏联占领的波兰领土上，许多犹太人在1940年被驱逐到苏联的偏远地区，要么是作为“不可靠的”或“阶级外来分子”，要么是因为他们拒绝接受苏联公民身份。虽然残酷的苏联政策无意中拯救了大多数被驱逐的犹太人，使他们免遭德国的灭绝，但德国的驱逐却是全面大屠杀的前兆。这篇文章描述并比较了双方的驱逐，重建了德国的运输，并得出结论，苏联的驱逐是其对政治对手和“外来分子”的持续战争的一部分，而德国人是卡尔·a·施莱内斯“通往奥斯维辛的扭曲之路”的垫脚石。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES HISTORY-

CiteScore

0.40

自引率

33.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： The major forum for scholarship on the Holocaust and other genocides, Holocaust and Genocide Studies is an international journal featuring research articles, interpretive essays, and book reviews in the social sciences and humanities. It is the principal publication to address the issue of how insights into the Holocaust apply to other genocides. Articles compel readers to confront many aspects of human behavior, to contemplate major moral issues, to consider the role of science and technology in human affairs, and to reconsider significant political and social factors.