Salt-sensitive hypertension: modern pathogenetic mechanisms and prospects

Abstract

The article presents the recent data on the pathogenic links and potential targets for the treatment of salt-sensitive hypertension (HTN). Distinguishing salt-sensitive and salt-resistant phenotypes is one approach to personalized medicine. In the review, special attention is paid to the intestinal microbiota as an etiological factor in salt-sensitive HTN, which, along with the imbalance of neurohumoral systems and the subsequent dysregulatory hemodynamic response to salt load, plays a leading role in the development of salt sensitivity. The advantages and limitations of methods for quantitative assessment of sodium intake are discussed, ways of their optimization are indicated, which is necessary for a more accurate determination of the optimal threshold for salt intake.