LOW-DOSE ALCOHOL EFFECTS ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE

Alcohol, drugs, and driving : abstracts and reviews Pub Date : 1994-11-01 DOI:10.1037/e410462004-001

F. Holloway

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引用次数: 127

Abstract

This literature survey reviews the effects of alcohol on human behavior and performance, especially low alcohol dose effects. This review consisted of 155 empirical studies dating from 1985 to mid-1993, using the alcohol effect schema of Kruger. Several general conclusions that were largely in agreement with previous reviews on this topic were reached. First, sensitivity to the subjective intoxicating effects of alcohol was greater than that for all other performance classes and appeared to display a "threshold" with respect to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), rather than the linear relation evident in performance data. Second, sensitivity to performance impairment in "controlled" performance and simulator tasks was greater than that for psychophysical function or "automatic" performance. Finally, a variety of task-, subject-, and environmental-characteristics or conditions were found to mediate the magnitude and sensitivity to alcohol effects, particularly at lower doses. This review concluded that since alcohol sensitivity can vary from time to time, person to person, and situation to situation, the setting of a "safe" BAC will always be arbitrary, being based on a low, but non-zero, incidence of effects below that level.

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低剂量酒精对人类行为和表现的影响

本文综述了酒精对人类行为和表现的影响，特别是低剂量酒精的影响。本综述采用Kruger的酒精效应图式，包括1985年至1993年中期的155项实证研究。会议达成了几项一般性结论，这些结论与以前关于这一主题的审查基本一致。首先，对酒精的主观陶醉效应的敏感性高于所有其他性能类别，并且似乎显示出血液酒精浓度(BAC)的“阈值”，而不是性能数据中明显的线性关系。第二，在“受控”任务和模拟任务中，对性能损害的敏感性高于心理物理功能或“自动”任务。最后，各种各样的任务、受试者和环境特征或条件被发现可以调节酒精效应的大小和敏感性，特别是在低剂量下。这篇综述的结论是，由于酒精敏感性随时间、人、情况而变化，“安全”BAC的设定总是武断的，基于低于该水平的影响发生率低，但非零。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Alcohol, drugs, and driving : abstracts and reviews

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