Nonlinear transfer function’s approach to non-invasive glucose measurement

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition that renders the blood glucose concentration level variable during the day (see for instance).1 It is well known that a poor regulation of blood glucose concentration leads severe complications such as cardiovascular diseases, damage of blood vessels; stroke, etc (see the survey and the references therein).2 For this reason a correct in-vivo measurement of glucose concentration is of vital importance being classified according to: invasive, minimally invasive, non-invasive. As it is clear, a portable non-invasive device is always desirable to alleviate the patient pain with several measurements a day. However, the development of a noninvasive device is a long story open problem (see for instance).3 Among the non-invasive techniques, the use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) appeared very promising (see).2 However, using NIR leads the great unsolved calibration for drawback different patients, even with the advantages of high reflective signals compared to mid-range and skin penetration of about 100 mm (see for instance)4 and the use of FFT. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes replacing static FFT models using a novel technique: nonlinear transfer functions FFT based point of view (see for instance for a detail on nonlinear transfer functions).5