P409 Study of epidemiology, risk factors and antifungal sensitivity pattern of fungal pneumonia in critically ill cirrhotics

Abstract

Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives Liver cirrhosis causes immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to fungal infections. We studied the epidemiology and risk factors, and compared the rapid diagnostic methods and biomarkers for fungal pneumonia in critically ill cirrhotics. Methods Single-center, prospective cohort study of 100 critically ill cirrhotics with fungal pneumonia between January to September 2021. Comparative analysis was done for culture, realtime PCR and biomarkers, bronchoalveolar lavage and serum Galactomannan, and serum procalcitonin measured on days 1, 3, and 7. The final outcome considered was mortality within 1 month after diagnosis or discharge. Results Aspergillus flavus was the most common species (70/100,70%). Risk factors were, neutropenia (P .03), steroids prior to ICU admission (P .02), prolonged hospitalizations ˃21 days (P .05), and culture positivity was 80%. The culture was not inferior to realtime PCR for the diagnosis of fungal pneumonia. BAL Galactomannan was an early prognostic marker with a median rise above ˃ 3.5 index value. The Median PCT level was higher from day 1in the fungal pneumonia non-survivor group (3.29 vs. 0.8 ng/ml) with higher 30-day mortality (72%). Higher PCT was associated with bacterial co-infection (48%), antibiotic (74%), antifungal therapy, and renal failure and mortality. Conclusion Fungal pneumonia complicates cirrhotics with neutropenia, prolonged hospitalization, and steroids as risk factors. Aspergillus flavus predominate in consensus with Asian epidemiology. Culture methods are reliable and a combination of molecular tests with BAL Galactomannan is useful for rapid diagnosis. Serum PCT is raised in patients with fungal pneumonia and is associated with higher mortality. In our study the baseline PCT at admission to ICU was higher in the non-survivor group, and levels on D3 and D7 were persistently higher. High serum procalcitonin level is an independent prognostic biomarker of mortality risk in fungal pneumonia.