Comparative morphology of the spiracles of the Papilionidae, Sphingidae, and Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

A Schmitz , L.T Wasserthal
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引用次数: 18

Abstract

The morphology, ultrastructure, and innervation of the spiracles of the instars and adults of representatives of three lepidopteran families were examined: Ornithoptera priamus poseidon and Pachliopta aristolochiae (Papilionidae), Attacus atlas (Saturniidae), and Acherontia atropos (Sphingidae).

Peritreme and atrium show stage- and family-specific structures for protecting the internal valve apparatus. The gross morphology of the cuticular valve mechanism is uniform within the three families, consisting of a rigid bow and a movable bar with a lever. In adult Papilionidae, all cuticular parts (bow, bar and lever) of the valve are innervated by multipolar dendrites. Internal or external cuticular chemo- or hygroreceptors, which could participate in the regulation of respiration, could not be detected in any stage. The closing muscle inserts between the tip of the lever and the base of the bar, and is innervated only by motor neurons. The elasticity of the cuticular system and an opener are the antagonists to the closing muscle. The spiracular opener of the adult Papilionidae and of all instars of the moths is an elastic ligament. The opener of the larval and pupal spiracles of the Papilionidae, however, is a single thickened muscle fiber surrounded by an elastic sheath of connective tissue. As it contains motor and multipolar sensory neurons, we assume that it may function as a stretch receptor for controlling the spiracular opening state.

凤蝶科、鞘蝇科和蛱蝶科气门的比较形态学研究(昆虫纲:鳞翅目)
本文研究了3个鳞翅目的代表科:波塞东priamus poseidon和马兜铃大翅翅(papiliides科)、土绵翅(saturniides科)和阿托罗翅(Acherontia atropos)的幼虫和成虫的气门形态、超微结构和神经支配。周膜和心房显示了保护内部瓣膜装置的阶段和家族特定结构。角质层阀机构的大体形态在三科中是一致的,由刚性弓和带杠杆的可动杆组成。成虫凤蝶瓣的所有表皮部分(弓、杆、杆)均由多极树突支配。在任何阶段均未检测到参与呼吸调节的角质层内外化学或湿受体。闭合肌位于杆尖和杆底之间,仅受运动神经元支配。角质层系统的弹性和打开器是闭合肌的拮抗剂。成虫凤蝶科和所有月龄飞蛾的螺旋状开口是一根弹性韧带。然而,凤蝶科幼虫和蛹的气门的开启器是一根被结缔组织弹性鞘包围的增厚的肌肉纤维。由于它包含运动和多极感觉神经元,我们假设它可能作为一个拉伸受体来控制螺旋孔打开状态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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