A. Biglari, Vahideh Barzeghar, Nasim Zolfaghari Firouzsalari, Akbar Gholampour
{"title":"Assessment of airborne bacterial and fungal communities in different wards of educational hospitals: A case study in Urmia, Iran","authors":"A. Biglari, Vahideh Barzeghar, Nasim Zolfaghari Firouzsalari, Akbar Gholampour","doi":"10.18502/JAPH.V5I4.6442","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bioaerosols consist of aerosols which are biologically originated and can be present ubiquitously in different environments, including the indoor air of hospitals. The objective of this study was to survey the bioaerosol type and density in various environments of four governmental educational hospitals in Urmia, Iran, namely the intensive care unit (ICU), operating room, the internal medicine room, the infectious diseases room, the infectious diseases corridor, and ambient air. Materials and methods: Sampling was performed during summer and winter of 2019 at four different day-times using passive (sedimentation plate) and active methods (an Andersen one-stage viable impactor and Quick Take30 sampling instrument) and by counting plates containing a bacterial and fungus-selective medium. Results: The results revealed that the highest microbial bioaerosol load was related to the infectious diseases corridor (100 and 150 CFU/m for total bacterial and fungal load, respectively). The highest bacterial and fungal density was observed in the afternoon at 17-18; and the concentration of bioaerosols was higher in summer than winter. A comparison of indoor and outdoor bacterial loads showed that the indoor bacterial concentration mean (49.1±23.8 CFU/m) was higher than the outdoor value (47.1±21.5 CFU/m), and the indoor levels of fungal contamination (83.3±31.9 CFU/m) were significantly lower than outdoor values (182.5±48.0 CFU/m). The predominantly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus (95%) spp, and the main isolated fungi belong to the genera Aspergillus (50%) and Penicillium (32%). Conclusion: The results of this study can be useful in developing indoor air microbial quality guidelines in hospitals, which has not been done so far. A R T I C L E I N F O R M A T I O N Article Chronology: Received 1 October 2020 Revised 21 October 2020 Accepted 15 December 2020 Published 30 December 2020","PeriodicalId":33115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Air Pollution and Health","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Air Pollution and Health","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18502/JAPH.V5I4.6442","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Environmental Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Introduction: Bioaerosols consist of aerosols which are biologically originated and can be present ubiquitously in different environments, including the indoor air of hospitals. The objective of this study was to survey the bioaerosol type and density in various environments of four governmental educational hospitals in Urmia, Iran, namely the intensive care unit (ICU), operating room, the internal medicine room, the infectious diseases room, the infectious diseases corridor, and ambient air. Materials and methods: Sampling was performed during summer and winter of 2019 at four different day-times using passive (sedimentation plate) and active methods (an Andersen one-stage viable impactor and Quick Take30 sampling instrument) and by counting plates containing a bacterial and fungus-selective medium. Results: The results revealed that the highest microbial bioaerosol load was related to the infectious diseases corridor (100 and 150 CFU/m for total bacterial and fungal load, respectively). The highest bacterial and fungal density was observed in the afternoon at 17-18; and the concentration of bioaerosols was higher in summer than winter. A comparison of indoor and outdoor bacterial loads showed that the indoor bacterial concentration mean (49.1±23.8 CFU/m) was higher than the outdoor value (47.1±21.5 CFU/m), and the indoor levels of fungal contamination (83.3±31.9 CFU/m) were significantly lower than outdoor values (182.5±48.0 CFU/m). The predominantly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus (95%) spp, and the main isolated fungi belong to the genera Aspergillus (50%) and Penicillium (32%). Conclusion: The results of this study can be useful in developing indoor air microbial quality guidelines in hospitals, which has not been done so far. A R T I C L E I N F O R M A T I O N Article Chronology: Received 1 October 2020 Revised 21 October 2020 Accepted 15 December 2020 Published 30 December 2020
生物气溶胶由生物起源的气溶胶组成,可以在不同的环境中无处不在,包括医院的室内空气。本研究的目的是调查伊朗乌尔米娅四所政府教育医院不同环境中的生物气溶胶类型和密度,即重症监护室(ICU)、手术室、内科室、传染病室、传染病走廊和环境空气。材料和方法:在2019年夏季和冬季的四个不同时段,使用被动方法(沉淀板)和主动方法(Andersen一级活菌冲击器和Quick Take30采样仪)以及含有细菌和真菌选择性培养基的计数板进行采样。结果:细菌和真菌的总负荷分别为100 CFU/m和150 CFU/m,细菌和真菌的微生物气溶胶负荷最高。细菌和真菌密度在17 ~ 18日下午最高;夏季生物气溶胶浓度高于冬季。室内与室外细菌负荷比较显示,室内细菌浓度平均值(49.1±23.8 CFU/m)高于室外平均值(47.1±21.5 CFU/m),室内真菌污染水平(83.3±31.9 CFU/m)显著低于室外平均值(182.5±48.0 CFU/m)。分离到的主要细菌为葡萄球菌(95%),分离到的真菌主要为曲霉属(50%)和青霉属(32%)。结论:本研究结果可为医院室内空气微生物质量指标的制定提供参考。A R T I C L E I N F O R M A T I O N文章年代:2020年10月1日收稿2020年10月21日修稿2020年12月15日接受2020年12月30日发布