The Protocols of the Sages of Zion: The Discovery of the Protograph

Abstract

In the Illarion Ivanovič Voroncov-Daškov’s Collection, preserved in the manuscript section of the Central Library in Moskow, the Russian historian Ljubov’ Ul’janova came across a typewritten version of the Protocols of the Sages of Zion; the copy shows shows handwritten corrections and additions of terms recurring in the printed tradition. Such a discovery demonstrates that this very copy is the earliest, the original version which can be attributed to the environment of Georgij Butmi, whose handwriting appears to be the same as that used in the corrections found in the typewritten version in Moscow. This typewritten copy confirms definitely that The Protocols of the Sages of Zion were elaborated in Russia and not in Paris.