Research advances of Gorham-Stout syndrome

Abstract

As an extremely rare disorder of unknown etiology, Gorham-Stout syndrome (GSS) occurs at any age. However, it is frequently found in children and youth. It is characterized by large bone dissolving as a characteristic tumor-like lesion. Most patients often present with multiple osteolysis, swelling, pain, limited mobility and severe pathologic fractures. Due to a low incidence, most reports have focused upon individual cases. Without a definite diagnostic and therapeutic standard, it has limited reference values for clinicians. With a purpose of enhancing its clinical awareness, this review summarized the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, pathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatments and prognosis of GSS. Key words: Osteolysis, Essential; Child; Lymphatic vessels