Native American Two Spirit and LGBTQ health: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Two Spirit and Native LGBTQ people have unique health risks and cultural strengths. Method This study analyzes 28 reports published since 1980 examining the health and identity–formation experiences of Two Spirit or Native LGBTQ individuals. Results The majority (68%) of the articles focus on urban populations. Few employ a strengths-based approach. Less than half capture information about gender identity. Conclusion Findings suggest that Two Spirit and Native LGBTQ individuals are underrepresented in current health research. Existing research prioritizes a disease-specific perspective. Future research focused on intersectional identity formation, connectedness, and culture as a protective factor is needed.