Thermal performance of a metal hydride reactor for hydrogen storage with cooling/heating by natural convection

Abstract

Metal hydride (MH) systems can be used for storage in stationary facilities of hydrogen with a high volume density at temperatures and pressures close to ambient ones. Recently, the possibility of using passive heating/cooling systems or regenerative heat exchangers has been studied to improve the energy efficiency of MH systems for hydrogen storage without the need for forced circulation of a heating/cooling fluid. Natural convection of air may be used to passively remove/add heat as required for proper operation of a MH reactor. Under these conditions, the MH reactor can operate at a constant ambient air temperature and be driven by a difference in pressure between the source and the consumer of hydrogen. Since operation of MH systems with natural convective heating/cooling has not been systematically investigated as yet, a tubular MH reactor based on this principle is examined in this paper. Two-thirds of the internal volume of ø25.4 × 1 mm tube is occupied by a composition of LaNi₅ and aluminium foam (one linear metre contains 1.1 kg of LaNi₅ with a hydrogen capacity of 153 NL H₂). Annular fins are used to increase heat transfer to air. Detailed and simplified mathematical models of the systems of this class are proposed and validated. It is shown that acceptable hydrogen charging/discharging rates in such systems are achieved with proper selection of fining characteristics. Charging from a hydrogen source at a pressure of 10 atm and an ambient air temperature of 10 to 30 °C takes 15 min. A reactor with a length of 1 m can desorb almost all stored hydrogen at a minimum outlet pressure of 0.45 bar to feed 30–300 W fuel cells.