Migration Processes in the European Union and Application of Simulation to study them

Abstract

Migration processes occur in virtually every state, and they are facilitated by various events that entail a change of residence. Developed countries generally face an uncontrolled influx of migrants, and in less developed countries, the outflow of the local population leads to a sharp deterioration in the socio-economic situation. There are several types of migration, all of which are closely related to many factors – the most obvious are: military conflicts, poverty, social inequality, dictatorial regime, overpopulation. From 2015 on, this problem in the EU countries has become threatening. The destabilization of the situation and the confrontation of the warring parties in the Middle East led to a massive outflow of the local population to the EU countries with the most favorable social conditions and maximum support for migrants. The choice of migrants fell mainly on Germany, Austria, Sweden, Italy. These processes have become difficult to control. To improve the situation, it is necessary to develop new mechanisms for regulating and stabilizing migration processes, otherwise, uncontrolled migration might lead to even greater shocks in the socio-economic system of the European Union and the formation of more complex crises. In the context of global digitalization, software analytical tools could become an auxiliary means for studying, analyzing and forecasting migration processes. This article provides a statistical analysis of the main indicators of migration to European countries, formulates the reasons for its occurrence, and considers examples of simulation models created to study various aspects related to population movements.