Toxicity test of clove leaf extract compared to clove flower extract (syzygium aromaticum) as aedes aegypti linnaeus larvacide

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an epidemic disease. In early 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) determined it as a potential threat. Prevention efforts have been made in biology, chemistry, and behavior. However, the use of chemicals that become instant measures has a negative impact on the occurrence of mosquito resistance and environmental pollution. Natural materials are alternative solutions as natural potentials that are easy, cheap, and safe for human health and environmental health. Cloves are Indonesia's natural potential which contains eugenol, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins which have the potential as active ingredients for Aedes aegypti larvicidal. This study aims to compare the results of the toxicity test of leaf extract with clove flower extract which has the potential as Aedes aegypti larvicidal. The research method uses a laboratory experimental design with a posttest-only control group design. The research sample in the form of third-instar larvae was obtained from the laboratory of the School of Life Sciences and Technology (SITH) Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) using a purposive sampling method. Comparative data analysis with a numerical variable scale. The results showed that the death effect within 24 hours was between 19% - 92% mortality with clove leaf extract and 64% - 100% the death effect of Aedes aegypti larvae with clove flower extract. Toxicity test with Clove leaf extract obtained LC50 of 7.761% and LC90 of 37.014%. While the clove flower extract obtained LC50 of 3.374% and LC90 of 4.441%.