Effect of Far-red Light on Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Growth and Crocin Yields

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
N. Kajikawa, Y. Uno, S. Kuroki, Sachi Miyagawa, Yusuke Yamashita, Y. Hamaguchi, Y. Ueda, Masao Kobayashi, Kenichi Kaji, H. Itoh
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

The production of plants in plant factories supplies stable and very safe products regardless of the weather conditions, but is also associated with significant costs in terms of both the initial investment and ongoing electricity expenses. Therefore, to compensate for these high production costs, it is necessary to produce crops with a high unit price. This research focussed on production of the medicinal plant saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which is considered an expensive spice globally. This bulbous plant of the genus Crocus (family Iridaceae) is traditionally cultivated in Iran, where 93.7 % of the world’s total production is grown (Ghorbani, 2008). The basic component of commercial saffron is the stigma, which contains the yellow-red carotenoid pigment crocin (C44H64O24). Crocin has a wide variety of applications not only in the food industry and as a colourant, but also in medicine (Gazerani et al., 2013), with several reports demonstrating its pharmacological activity, including anti-tumour properties and improved outcomes for alcoholic memory disorder (Shoyama, 2009). The life cycle of saffron can be divided into four stages: formation of the flower buds, flowering, formation of the daughter corms (FD) and development of the daughter corms (DD) (Miyagawa et al., 2015). Traditionally, saffron corms start to produce flowers in autumn following transplantation into the field in late summer. The plants’ leaves continue to grow from summer to winter, with two daughter corms usually forming and enlarging at the base of the shoot on their mother corm at low temperatures in winter. At the beginning of spring, the leaves begin to wither and the enlarged daughter corms are harvested and stored while dormant, during which time they undergo flower bud formation. It is well known that the bulbous plant stores a large quantity of carbohydrates in the bulb, which support root growth, nutrient absorption and differentiation of the flower buds, stems and leaves during its underground life (Ohyama et al., 1986). Consequently, since these carbohydrates may make a large contribution to flowering energy, saffron corms that contain a large amount of photosynthetic products are expected to have higher stigma yields, as indicated by the extremely strong correlation between flowering rate and corm weight (Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau, 1995). In recent years, light quality (i.e. the spectral composition of light) has been identified as an important environmental factor for plant growth and quality improvement. Photosynthesis occurs under photoirradiation conditions that span a particular range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), from approximately 400 nm to 700 nm. Far-red radiation, which is the outside part of the PAR spectrum, is not directly involved in photosynthesis but does induce photomorphogenesis in plants via changes in phytochrome equilibrium. For instance, Lercari (1982) found that far-red light irradiation induced the translocation of carbohydrates from the leaves to the bulb in onion Allium cepa) plants and concluded that carbohydrate accumulation in onions is a phytochrome-mediated response; and Terabun (1978) discovered that there was an interaction between red and far-red light in the enlargement of onion, wakegi onion and garlic (A. sativum) bulbs.
远红光对藏红花的影响生长和藏红花素产量
无论天气条件如何,植物工厂的植物生产都能提供稳定和非常安全的产品,但在初始投资和持续的电力支出方面也有很大的成本。因此,为了补偿这些高昂的生产成本,有必要生产单价较高的作物。这项研究的重点是药用植物藏红花(Crocus sativus L.)的生产,它在全球被认为是一种昂贵的香料。这种藏红花属(鸢头科)的球茎植物传统上在伊朗种植,占世界总产量的93.7% (Ghorbani, 2008)。商品藏红花的基本成分是柱头,柱头含有黄红色类胡萝卜素藏红花素(C44H64O24)。藏红花素不仅在食品工业和作为着色剂,而且在医学上有广泛的应用(Gazerani等人,2013年),有几份报告表明其药理活性,包括抗肿瘤特性和改善酒精性记忆障碍的结果(Shoyama, 2009年)。藏红花的生命周期可分为四个阶段:花蕾形成、开花、子球茎形成(FD)和子球茎发育(DD) (Miyagawa et al., 2015)。传统上,藏红花球茎在夏末移栽到地里后,在秋天开始开花。这种植物的叶子从夏季持续生长到冬季,在冬季低温下,两个子球茎通常在母球茎的茎基部形成和扩大。在春天开始的时候,叶子开始枯萎,扩大的子球茎被收获并在休眠期间储存起来,在此期间它们会形成花芽。众所周知,球茎植物在球茎中储存了大量的碳水化合物,这些碳水化合物在其地下生命中支持根的生长、营养吸收和花蕾、茎叶的分化(Ohyama et al., 1986)。因此,由于这些碳水化合物对开花能量的贡献很大,因此含有大量光合产物的藏红花球茎预计会有更高的柱头产量,正如开花速度和球茎重量之间的极强相关性所表明的那样(药物局,1995)。近年来,光质量(即光的光谱组成)已被确定为植物生长和品质改善的重要环境因子。光合作用发生在一个特定的光合有效辐射(PAR)范围内的光辐射条件下,从大约400纳米到700纳米。远红色辐射是PAR光谱的外部部分,它不直接参与光合作用,但通过光敏色素平衡的变化诱导植物的光形态发生。例如,Lercari(1982)发现,远红光照射诱导洋葱(Allium cepa)植物的碳水化合物从叶片转运到球茎,并得出结论,洋葱中的碳水化合物积累是光敏色素介导的反应;Terabun(1978)发现,在洋葱、wakegi洋葱和大蒜(A. sativum)鳞茎的放大过程中,红光和远红光之间存在相互作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Environmental Control in Biology
Environmental Control in Biology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agronomy and Crop Science
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
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