A review on ZIF carbon materials for sodium-ion battery

Abstract

An alternative battery system to the lithium-ion battery has become paramount due to its high cost and limited distribution across the earth's surface. One of the significant challenges encountered by Na+ batteries is the development of efficient anode material. ZIFs have been considered as one of the potential electrode materials for Na+ batteries. ZIF is a sub-family of the metal–organic framework. Aside from the fact that they are utilised for sodium-ion batteries, their exceptional thermal stabilitiy, porous structure, and robust functionalities make them suitable for various applications. In this review, the working principles of Na+ battery, the synthesis procedure of ZIF carbon materials, electrochemical performances of each material or composite, performance enhancement strategy and morphology were explored and summarised.